Distribution of entropy production in a single-electron box
Distribution of entropy production in a single-electron box
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DOI：
10.1038/nphys2711
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
Pekola, J. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koski, J. V.;Sagawa, T.;Pekola, J. P.
最近，热力学基本定律在小系统中得到了重新考虑。涨落关系（1-5）的发现促进了理论（6-13）和实验（14-25）研究。熵产生的概念已被扩展到微观水平，通过考虑耦合到热浴系统的随机轨迹。然而，如果存在多个热浴，这还没有实验研究。在这里，我们测量，高精度，微观熵产生的分布在一个单电子盒由两个岛与隧道结。这些岛被耦合到不同温度的单独的热浴，保持稳定的热不平衡。我们证明，随机熵产生（8，10 - 12，17，20，25，26）从电子跃迁的轨迹是相关的热力学熵产生从耗散的热量在各自的热浴。我们通过实验验证了这两种定义的波动关系都得到满足。我们的结果揭示了非平衡态下不可逆熵产生的微妙性。
Recently, the fundamental laws of thermodynamics have been reconsidered for small systems. The discovery of the fluctuation relations(1-5) has spurred theoretical(6-13) and experimental(14-25) studies. The concept of entropy production has been extended to the microscopic level by considering stochastic trajectories of a system coupled to a heat bath. However, this has not been studied experimentally if there are multiple thermal baths present. Here, we measure, with high precision, the distributions of microscopic entropy production in a single-electron box consisting of two islands with a tunnel junction. The islands are coupled to separate heat baths at different temperatures, maintaining a steady thermal non-equilibrium. We demonstrate that stochastic entropy production(8,10-12,17,20,25,26) from trajectories of electronic transitions is related to thermodynamic entropy production from dissipated heat in the respective thermal baths. We verify experimentally that the fluctuation relations for both definitions are satisfied. Our results reveal the subtlety of irreversible entropy production in non-equilibrium.