Toward a Critical Anthropology of Human Rights
Toward a Critical Anthropology of Human Rights
复制标题
走向批判的人权人类学
作者：
Mark Goodale
冷战结束约17年后，1948年《世界人权宣言》之后出现的国际和跨国人权制度正处于十字路口。一方面，战后两极世界的终结所造成的政治开放，使得埃莉诺·罗斯福所说的非政府行为者的奇怪小道消息，作为更广泛的跨国发展活动的一部分，将与普遍人权有关的思想和做法带到了世界不同的地方。另一方面，这种人权话语的传播只会放大人权核心的不同问题，这些问题是理论、实践和现象学的问题。人类学在解决这些问题和提出重新构建人权的方法方面发挥了重要作用，以使其原始目标--如《世界人权公约》等文件所体现的目标--有更好的机会实现。
Some 17 years after the end of the cold war, the international and transnational human rights regimes that emerged in the wake of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights are at a crossroads. On the one hand, the political openings created by the end of the bipolar postwar world have allowed what Eleanor Roosevelt described as the curious grapevine of nongovernmental actors to carry ideas and practices associated with universal human rights into different parts of the world as part of broader transnational development activities. On the other hand, this spread of human rights discourse has only magnified the different problems at the heart of human rights, problems that are theoretical, practical, and phenomenological. Anthropology has an important part to play in addressing these problems and in suggesting ways in which human rights can be reframed so that their original purposes, those embodied in documents like the UDHR, stand a better chance of being realized.