How much and how fast: rapid processing of spoken language in later adulthood.
How much and how fast: rapid processing of spoken language in later adulthood.
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DOI：
10.1037//0882-7974.1.4.303
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发表时间：
1986-12
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
E. A. Stine;Arthur Wingfield;Leonard W. Poon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. A. Stine;Arthur Wingfield;Leonard W. Poon
语音处理包括从短暂的声音信号快速解码和构建意义。由于老年人被发现在许多认知任务中的执行速度较慢，我们假设他们可能难以立即回忆起增加输入率的言语。据报道，在两个实验中，年长的和年轻的参与者都听了并立即回忆了系统地改变了语速和命题数量的句子。尽管老年人的回忆成绩随着语速的增加而不成比例地下降，但老年人和年轻人都能够回忆起命题密度增加的句子。我们还发现，回忆主要思想而不是细节的倾向(水平效应)随着命题密度的增加而增强，而随着语速和年龄的增加而降低。这些结果是根据工作记忆中信息处理速度随年龄的变化而讨论的。
Speech processing involves rapid decoding and construction of meaning from a transitory acoustic signal. Because older adults have been found to be slower in performing many cognitive tasks, we hypothesized that they may have difficulty in immediate recall for speech of increasing input rate. Two experiments are reported in which both older and younger participants listened to and immediately recalled sentences that were systematically varied in speech rate and number of propositions. Although recall performance of the older adults showed a disproportionate decline when speech rate was increased, older adults, as well as the younger adults, were able to recall sentences of increasing propositional densities. We also found that the tendency to recall a greater proportion of main ideas than details (the levels effect) was enhanced by increased propositional density, and depressed by increased speech rate and increased age. These results are discussed in terms of an age-related change in the rate at which information can be processed in working memory.