Using poultry litter biochars as soil amendments
Using poultry litter biochars as soil amendments
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DOI：
10.1071/sr08036
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Joseph, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chan, K. Y.;Van Zwieten, L.;Joseph, S.
尽管最近人们对生物炭作为土壤改良剂用于改善土壤质量和增加土壤固碳感兴趣，但对这些材料在不同原料和不同热解条件下生产的土壤改良剂的土壤改良性能了解不足。对于从动物来源生产的生物炭来说，情况尤其如此。用不同条件下的家禽粪便制成的两种生物炭在盆栽试验中进行了萝卜产量的测定。长红)以及硬结变色土(阿尔菲索尔)的土壤质量。研究了4种生物炭用量(0、10、25和50t/ha)，施氮和不施氮(100 kg N/ha)。在不施氮肥的情况下，两种生物炭对萝卜干物质产量的增加效果相似，在最低施肥量10t/ha时可以检测到。与对照相比，生物炭施用量从10t/hm2时的42%提高到50t/hm2时的96%。产量的增加在很大程度上可以归因于这些生物炭增加氮素利用率的能力。当氮肥与生物炭配合使用时，观察到显著的额外增产，超过了单独使用氮肥的产量，突出了这些生物炭的其他有益影响。在这方面，在较低温度(450摄氏度)下生产的非活性家禽粪便生物炭比在较高温度(550摄氏度)下生产的活性生物炭更有效，这可能是因为有效磷含量较高。在固化土壤中添加生物炭使土壤的化学和物理性质发生了显著但不同的变化，包括C、N、pH和速效P的增加，但土壤强度降低。这两种不同的生物炭所产生的不同效果可能与其不同的特性有关。在微生物生物量和蚯蚓嗜好特性方面，两种生物炭在土壤生物学方面也观察到了显著不同的变化，但其潜在机制有待进一步研究。我们的研究强调了原料和热解过程中的工艺条件对生物炭性能和土壤改良值的重要性。
Despite the recent interest in biochars as soil amendments for improving soil quality and increasing soil carbon sequestration, there is inadequate knowledge on the soil amendment properties of these materials produced from different feed stocks and under different pyrolysis conditions. This is particularly true for biochars produced from animal origins. Two biochars produced from poultry litter under different conditions were tested in a pot trial by assessing the yield of radish (Raphanus sativus var. Long Scarlet) as well as the soil quality of a hardsetting Chromosol (Alfisol). Four rates of biochar (0, 10, 25, and 50 t/ha), with and without nitrogen application (100 kg N/ha) were investigated. Both biochars, without N fertiliser, produced similar increases in dry matter yield of radish, which were detectable at the lowest application rate, 10 t/ha. The yield increase (%), compared with the unamended control rose from 42% at 10 t/ha to 96% at 50 t/ha of biochar application. The yield increases can be attributed largely to the ability of these biochars to increase N availability. Significant additional yield increases, in excess of that due to N fertiliser alone, were observed when N fertiliser was applied together with the biochars, highlighting the other beneficial effects of these biochars. In this regard, the non activated poultry litter biochar produced at lower temperature (450 degrees C) was more effective than the activated biochar produced at higher temperature (550 degrees C), probably due to higher available P content. Biochar addition to the hardsetting soil resulted in significant but different changes in soil chemical and physical properties, including increases in C, N, pH, and available P, but reduction in soil strength. These different effects of the 2 different biochars can be related to their different characteristics. Significantly different changes in soil biology in terms of microbial biomass and earthworm preference properties were also observed between the 2 biochars, but the underlying mechanisms require further research. Our research highlights the importance of feedstock and process conditions during pyrolysis on the properties and, hence, soil amendment values of biochars.