Dense mantle flows periodically spaced below ocean basins

Dense mantle flows periodically spaced below ocean basins
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洋盆下方周期性分布的致密地幔流

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117745
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Romanowicz, Barbara
Romanowicz, Barbara
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Panet, Isabelle;Greff-Lefftz, Marianne;Romanowicz, Barbara

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了解地幔流是阐明地球深部动力学如何与全球尺度的构造有关的关键。对流物质输运反映在重力场、地震速度以及地表形变的横向变化上。然而,上地幔到中地幔动力学一直难以约束在数千公里的中等尺度。在这里,我们分析了太平洋和北方印度洋海盆的海底地形和重力位的二阶水平导数,并提供了两个信号中1600-2000 km波长的周期性波动的证据,沿绝对板块运动的方向沿着拉长。我们调查潜在的地壳和岩石圈的来源,并表明,至少有一部分,这个信号必须起源于岩石圈以下,与子岩石圈上地幔质量过剩海底低点以下的路线。此外,我们发现,这些路线在地理上一致的广泛地区,类似的周期性慢地震速度位于上地幔深处的手指。因此,这两个领域可能记录了洋盆下地幔对流的中间尺度,这不能用纯粹的热对流来解释,而是需要上地幔成分的横向变化。阐明检测到的质量过剩源的性质与慢地震速度相一致,需要在热化学背景下对所有观测进行联合动力学建模。
Understanding mantle flow is key to elucidate how deep Earth dynamics relate to tectonics at the global scale. The convective mass transport is reflected in lateral variations of the gravity field, seismic velocities, as well as deformations of the Earth's surface. Yet, upper to mid-mantle dynamics have been difficult to constrain at the medium scales of thousands of km. Here, we analyze the second-order horizontal derivatives of seafloor topography and of the gravity potential over the Pacific and Northern Indian ocean basins, and provide evidence for periodic undulations of 1600-2000 km wavelength in both signals, elongated along the direction of absolute plate motion. We investigate potential crustal and lithospheric sources and show that at least part of this signal must originate below the lithosphere, with alignments of sub-lithospheric upper mantle mass excess below seafloor lows. Furthermore, we find that these alignments coincide geographically over wide areas with similarly periodic slow seismic velocity fingers located at upper mantle depths. These two fields may thus record an intermediate scale of mantle convection below ocean basins, which cannot be explained by purely thermal convection and requires instead lateral variations in composition in the upper mantle. Elucidating the nature of the detected mass excess sources coincident with the slow seismic velocities calls for a joint dynamical modeling of all observations in a thermo-chemical context.
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