Introduction: Open Questions in Roboethics
Introduction: Open Questions in Roboethics
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简介：机器人伦理学中的开放性问题
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
John P. Sullins
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作者：
John P. Sullins
1机器人伦理学的兴起机器人伦理学是计算机伦理学最近的分支，它特别关注当我们赋予计算机移动性和在人类环境中直接交互的手段时，需要对计算机伦理学进行的改变。与机器道德密切相关的领域探索了道德系统和行为可能被编程到社会机器人应用中。随着机器人从工厂进入我们的家庭和工作生活，它们将改变我们生活方式的关键方面。为了取得成功，这些机器必须被编程为能够在人类生活世界中导航，而不会犯下道德上的错误或道德上的愤怒。因此，机器人伦理学家不仅批评机器人工程师试图将这些机器融入我们的生活世界，而且，更重要的是，提出了比目前提供的方法更好的方法。机器人伦理学不可否认的根源开始在科幻小说的世界。在卡雷尔·卡佩克1936年的戏剧《RUR》中，“机器人”这个词的出现充满了伦理意义。捷克语中的“机器人”一词指的是劳动或奴役，这给我们一个令人不安的推论，即机器人伦理学指的是一种奴隶伦理学。我拒绝这种内涵，它只是一个不幸的副产品，从文学比喻的机器人叛乱，卡佩克开始与他的发挥和弗里茨朗巧妙地巩固了人类的心灵与他的电影大都会，这是好莱坞一直重申至今。没有必要在现实中重演这个不幸的未来。迪克曾经说过，科幻小说的职责是想象反乌托邦的未来，这样我们就不必真的生活在其中。考虑到这一点，我们可以看到，机器人伦理学家的工作不仅仅是科幻小说，而是帮助避免想象中的机器人末日，帮助建立一个替代未来，机器人不是怨恨的奴隶或失控的杀人机器，而是更像宠物，也许有一天甚至是朋友，或者在很远的将来，甚至是同事。在不久的将来，
1 The Rise of the RobotethicistRoboethics is the recent offshoot of computer ethics that pays special attention to thealterationsthatneedtobemadetocomputerethicswhenwegivethecomputermobilityand a means to interact directly in the human environment. The closely related field ofmachinemoralityexploreshowethicalsystemsandbehaviorsmaybeprogrammedintosocial robotics applications. As robots move from the factory floor into our homes andworklives,theystandtochangekeyaspectsofthewayourlivesarelived.Inordertobesuccessful, these machines must be programmed with the ability to navigate the humanlifeworldwithoutcommittingethicalfauxpasormoraloutrage.Thus,theroboethicististasked not only with critiquing the attempts of robots engineers to achieve theintegration of these machines into our life world, but also, and more importantly, withsuggesting means of achieving better results than what is presently on offer.The undeniable roots of roboethics begin in the world of science fiction. The verycoining of the word “robot” in Karel Capek’s 1936 play, RUR, is loaded with ethicalimport. The Czech word “Robota” refers to labor or servitude, which gives us theuncomfortable inference that roboethics refers to a kind of slave ethics. I reject thisconnotation and it is just an unfortunate byproduct from the literary trope of therobot rebellion that Capek began with his play and Fritz Lang masterfully solidifiedin the human psyche with his film Metropolis, something which Hollywood has beenreiterating ever since. There is no need to reenact this unfortunate future in reality.As the great science fiction writer Philip K. Dick once observed, the duty of sciencefiction is to imagine dystopian futures so that we don’t actually have to live them.With this in mind, we can then see that the job of the roboethicist is not simplyscience fiction, it is instead to help avoid the imagined robo-apocalypse and helpbuild an alternative future where robots are not resentful slaves or out of controlkilling machines, but instead more like pets and perhaps someday even friends orpossibly, in the very far future, even colleagues. In the near future, the job of the