Plant senescence and crop productivity
Plant senescence and crop productivity
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11103-013-0013-8
复制
发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Krupinska, Karin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gregersen, Per L.;Culetic, Andrea;Krupinska, Karin
衰老是一年生作物与生殖相重叠的发育过程。在不利的环境条件下过早诱导衰老可使作物减产。本文综述了衰老对作物生产力的影响。以提高生产力为目的，通过常规育种选择了一些功能性保持绿色的品种，特别是高粱和玉米。在许多情况下，已观察到叶面积持续时间与产量之间的正相关，尽管在其他一些情况下，保持绿色的品种在生产力方面没有显示出显着的影响。在一些作物中，保持绿色表型被观察到与更高的抗旱性和低氮条件下更好的性能有关。在转基因植物中实现保持绿色表型的方法中，IPT基因在衰老相关启动子控制下的表达是最成功的。用于衰老调控表达的启动子包含用于结合WRKY转录因子和脱落酸控制因子的顺式元件。在大多数用这种结构改造的作物中，保持绿色的特性导致生物量增加，但只有在少数情况下增加了种子产量。许多转基因植物具有抗旱性和保绿特性的一致性。
Senescence is a developmental process which in annual crop plants overlaps with the reproductive phase. Senescence might reduce crop yield when it is induced prematurely under adverse environmental conditions. This review covers the role of senescence for the productivity of crop plants. With the aim to enhance productivity, a number of functional stay-green cultivars have been selected by conventional breeding, in particular of sorghum and maize. In many cases, a positive correlation between leaf area duration and yield has been observed, although in a number of other cases, stay-green cultivars do not display significant effects with regards to productivity. In several crops, the stay-green phenotype is observed to be associated with a higher drought resistance and a better performance under low nitrogen conditions. Among the approaches used to achieve stay-green phenotypes in transgenic plants, the expression of the IPT gene under control of senescence-associated promoters has been the most successful. The promoters employed for senescence-regulated expression contain cis-elements for binding of WRKY transcription factors and factors controlled by abscisic acid. In most crops transformed with such constructs the stay-green character has led to increased biomass, but only in few cases to increased seed yield. A coincidence of drought stress resistance and stay-green trait is observed in many transgenic plants.