The emerging roles of deubiquitinases in plant proteostasis.
The emerging roles of deubiquitinases in plant proteostasis.
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DOI：
10.1042/ebc20210060
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发表时间：
2022-08-05
影响因子：
6.4
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中科院分区：
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蛋白质稳态（蛋白质稳态）的正确调节对于所有生物体的生存至关重要。多种翻译后修饰 (PTM) 可以精确控制蛋白质丰度、功能和细胞定位。在真核细胞中，泛素化是一种广泛且重要的 PTM，它调节大多数（如果不是全部）细胞过程。泛素通过涉及一系列缀合酶和连接酶的明确酶级联添加到靶蛋白上，而其去除则由一类称为去泛素酶 (DUB) 的酶催化。现在许多人类疾病都与 DUB 功能障碍有关，这证明了这些酶在维持细胞功能方面的重要性。这些发现导致最近对哺乳动物系统中 DUB 的结构、分子机制和生理学的研究激增。然而，植物 DUB 的研究相对较少，许多 DUB 已被识别，但它们的底物、结合伴侣和它们调节的细胞途径现在才开始出现。本综述重点关注植物 DUB 生物学的最新发现，特别是新发现的 DUB 底物以及这些底物如何为 DUB 在细胞中发挥的广泛作用提供线索。此外，还讨论了哺乳动物系统中的新技术如何加速植物 DUB 领域的发展。
Proper regulation of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is essential for all organisms to survive. A diverse range of post-translational modifications (PTMs) allow precise control of protein abundance, function and cellular localisation. In eukaryotic cells, ubiquitination is a widespread, essential PTM that regulates most, if not all cellular processes. Ubiquitin is added to target proteins via a well-defined enzymatic cascade involving a range of conjugating enzymes and ligases, while its removal is catalysed by a class of enzymes known as deubiquitinases (DUBs). Many human diseases have now been linked to DUB dysfunction, demonstrating the importance of these enzymes in maintaining cellular function. These findings have led to a recent explosion in studying the structure, molecular mechanisms and physiology of DUBs in mammalian systems. Plant DUBs have however remained relatively understudied, with many DUBs identified but their substrates, binding partners and the cellular pathways they regulate only now beginning to emerge. This review focuses on the most recent findings in plant DUB biology, particularly on newly identified DUB substrates and how these offer clues to the wide-ranging roles that DUBs play in the cell. Furthermore, the future outlook on how new technologies in mammalian systems can accelerate the plant DUB field forward is discussed.