Malaria transmission blocking immunity and sexual stage vaccines for interrupting malaria transmission in Latin America.
Malaria transmission blocking immunity and sexual stage vaccines for interrupting malaria transmission in Latin America.
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DOI：
10.1590/s0074-02762011000900025
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发表时间：
2011-08
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Valencia SH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arévalo-Herrera M;Solarte Y;Marin C;Santos M;Castellanos J;Beier JC;Valencia SH
疟疾是一种病媒传播的疾病，由于其全球死亡率和发病率高，被认为是最严重的公共卫生问题之一。虽然已经使用了多种控制疟疾的战略，但由于蚊子对杀虫剂的耐药性的出现和迅速传播，寄生虫对多种抗疟疾药物的耐药性以及缺乏可持续性，许多战略的影响有限。在流行地区，长期暴露于寄生虫的个体会产生特异性免疫反应，能够减轻寄生虫负担和疾病的临床表现，包括阻止寄生虫向蚊子媒介传播。这被称为传播阻断（TB）免疫（TBI），它是由蚊子在吸血过程中摄入的抑制寄生虫发育的特异性抗体和其他因素介导的。这些抗体识别在蚊子中肠中发育的配子体或寄生虫阶段表达的蛋白质，被认为是潜在的疟疾疫苗候选物。尽管这些候选疫苗统称为结核疫苗（TBV），它们不会直接阻止疟疾感染个体，但会阻止感染者向非感染者的传播。在这里，我们回顾了在脑外伤研究和脑外伤发展方面取得的进展，并强调了它们在低流行地区（如拉丁美洲）的潜在用途。
Malaria is a vector-borne disease that is considered to be one of the most serious public health problems due to its high global mortality and morbidity rates. Although multiple strategies for controlling malaria have been used, many have had limited impact due to the appearance and rapid dissemination of mosquito resistance to insecticides, parasite resistance to multiple antimalarial drug, and the lack of sustainability. Individuals in endemic areas that have been permanently exposed to the parasite develop specific immune responses capable of diminishing parasite burden and the clinical manifestations of the disease, including blocking of parasite transmission to the mosquito vector. This is referred to as transmission blocking (TB) immunity (TBI) and is mediated by specific antibodies and other factors ingested during the blood meal that inhibit parasite development in the mosquito. These antibodies recognize proteins expressed on either gametocytes or parasite stages that develop in the mosquito midgut and are considered to be potential malaria vaccine candidates. Although these candidates, collectively called TB vaccines (TBV), would not directly stop malaria from infecting individuals, but would stop transmission from infected person to non-infected person. Here, we review the progress that has been achieved in TBI studies and the development of TBV and we highlight their potential usefulness in areas of low endemicity such as Latin America.