Past, present, and future of genetic improvement in salmon aquaculture
Past, present, and future of genetic improvement in salmon aquaculture
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DOI：
10.1016/s1054-3139(97)80005-7
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发表时间：
1997-12-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bentsen, HB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gjoen, HM;Bentsen, HB
大西洋鲑鱼的养殖已成为若干国家的重要产业，并实施了育种方案，以改善遗传性能和对养殖环境的适应。挪威鲑鱼育种计划中使用的创始种群仅来自挪威河流，没有引入外源基因。挪威大西洋鲑鱼种群中的大多数（超过90%）加性遗传变异都是在河流品系中发现的，而不是在河流品系之间。挪威的育种计划包括四个亚群。如果由于封闭育种群体中的随机漂移而导致加性遗传变异性降低，则可以进行亚群体之间的杂交以重新建立变异性。只要避免近亲繁殖，选择本身预计不会减少加性遗传变异。迄今为止，育种目标已包括七种不同的性状（屠宰时的体重、性成熟年龄、在疖病和伊萨挑战测试中的存活率、肉色、总脂肪含量和脂肪组织量）。获得的选择反应是约10%，每一代的这些性状。在未来，更多的特征可能会被包括在内。讨论了选择性育种和利用现代DNA技术提高水生物种遗传性能的结果和前景。(C)1997年国际海洋考察理事会。
The fanning of Atlantic salmon has become an important industry in several countries, and breeding programmes have been implemented to improve genetic performance and adaptation to farm environments. Founder stocks used in the Norwegian salmon breeding programme have originated solely from Norwegian rivers and no extrinsic genes have been introduced. The majority (more than 90%) of the additive genetic variation in Norwegian populations of Atlantic salmon has been found within, and not between, river strains. The Norwegian breeding programme comprises four subpopulations. In the event of reduced additive genetic variability due to random drift in the closed breeding populations, crosses between the sub-populations could be made to re-establish the variability. Selection in itself is not expected to reduce the additive genetic variability as long as inbreeding is avoided. To date, seven different traits (body weight at slaughter, age of sexual maturation, survival in challenge tests with furunculosis and ISA, flesh colour, total fat content, and amount of fat tissues) have been included in the breeding goal. The selection response obtained is about 10% per generation for each of these traits. In the future, more traits are likely to be included. The results of and prospects for selective breeding and the use of modern DNA technology to improve genetic performance in aquatic species are discussed. (C) 1997 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.