Viscous and viscoelastic stress states at the calving front of Antarctic ice shelves

Viscous and viscoelastic stress states at the calving front of Antarctic ice shelves
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南极冰架崩解前沿的粘性和粘弹性应力状态

DOI:
10.1017/aog.2016.18
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Humbert
Humbert
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Christmann;Müller;Humbert

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对冰裂机制的了解仍然很少,对冰架锋面附近的应力状态的了解也不够充分,无法发展出与观测相匹配的物理动机的冰裂规律。一个产犊模型需要最大拉应力的知识。这些应力取决于不同的模拟方法和材料模型。因此,本研究将使用有限元的二维(2-D)连续体方法的结果与Reeh(1968)阐述的一维(1-D)梁模型的结果进行了比较。在二维情况下,采用了纯粘性模型和粘弹性麦克斯韦模型。最大拉应力通常出现在冰架的上表面。它的位置和大小主要受冰架厚度和干舷高度(冰锋处无牵引力部分)的影响。更准确地说,厚度增加一倍导致最大应力增加一倍,而干舷增加一倍,基于冰密度的变化导致最大应力增加61%。泊松比控制着最大应力随时间的演变。黏度和杨氏模量决定了麦克斯韦模型的特征时间,从而决定了达到最大主应力的时间。
Calving mechanisms are still poorly understood and stress states in the vicinity of ice-shelf fronts are insufficiently known for the development of physically motivated calving laws that match observations. A calving model requires the knowledge of maximum tensile stresses. These stresses depend on different simulation approaches and material models. Therefore, this study compares results of a two-dimensional (2-D) continuum approach using finite elements with results of a one-dimensional (1-D) beam model elaborated in Reeh (1968). A purely viscous model, as well as a viscoelastic Maxwell model, is applied for the 2-D case. The maximum tensile stress usually appears at the top surface of an ice shelf. Its location and magnitude are predominantly influenced by the thickness of the ice shelf and the height of the freeboard, the traction-free part at the ice front. More precisely, doubling the thickness leads to twice the stress maximum, while doubling the freeboard, based on changes of the ice density, results in an increase of the stress maximum by 61%. Poisson's ratio controls the evolution of the maximum stress with time. The viscosity and Young's modulus define the characteristic time of the Maxwell model and thus the time to reach the maximum principal stress.
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