Who is indigenous? Self-identification, Indigeneity, and Claims to Justice in Contemporary Bolivia
Who is indigenous? Self-identification, Indigeneity, and Claims to Justice in Contemporary Bolivia
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谁是土著？
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
A. Canessa
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作者：
A. Canessa
最近在玻利维亚发生的事件使印第安人成为国家舞台的中心。越来越多的人
他们认为自己是土著人，而在最近的过去，他们更可能认为自己只是农民、农民或城市混血儿。国际机构，如劳工组织、联合国和世界银行，强调土著人民自我认同的重要性;在最近一次（2001年）人口普查中，玻利维亚人口中有20%以上的人认为自己是土著人，尽管没有任何证据表明他们是土著人。
有记录的族裔语言标记表明他们是土著人;其他不自认为是土著人的人在人口普查中被记录为土著人。本文探讨了自我认同背后的一些问题，特别是研究了一个艾马拉语社区的情况下，人们被记录为土著和“民族语言标记”比比皆是，但不自我认同。尽管在强烈的共同文化和亲属关系方面具有明显的同质性，但波科巴亚人在如何将自己视为族裔/种族主体方面存在很大差异。虽然外部团体、机构和土著领导人正在根据特定的历史和征服观创造和承认土著身份，但许多其他人对他们是谁有一种复杂得多的感觉。
Recent events in Bolivia have brought indigeneity to the center of the national stage. More and more people are
identifying themselves as indigenous whereas in the recent past they would more likely have seen themselves simply as campesinos, peasants, or urban mestizos. International agencies such as the ILO, UN and World Bank stress the importance of self-identification for indigenous people; and in the last (2001) census just over 20% of the Bolivian population identified themselves as indigenous despite no
recorded ethnolinguistic marker that would suggest they would be; others who do not self-identify as indigenous were recorded in the census as being indigenous. This paper explores some of the issues behind self-identification and in particular examines the case of an Aymara-speaking community where people were recorded as indigenous and “ethnolinguistic markers” abound, yet do not self-identify as such. Despite its apparent homogeneity in terms of a strong sense of shared culture and kinship relations, the people of Pocobaya vary considerably in how they identify themselves as ethnic/racial subjects. Whereas outside groups, agencies, and indigenous leaders are creating and recognizing an indigenous identity based on a particular view of history and conquest, many other people have a much more complex sense of who they are.