Reconstructing the Population History of European Romani from Genome-wide Data
Reconstructing the Population History of European Romani from Genome-wide Data
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.039
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发表时间：
2012-12-18
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Kayser, Manfred
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mendizabal, Isabel;Lao, Oscar;Kayser, Manfred
罗姆人是欧洲最大的少数民族，大约有1100万人，他们在分享独特的社会遗产的同时，还拥有多种语言、宗教和生活方式。语言学和遗传学[3-8]研究已经确定罗姆人起源于印度次大陆。然而，关于罗姆人起源和人口亚结构的全基因组视角，以及他们的人口统计历史的详细重建，尚未提供。我们基于在欧洲收集的13个罗姆人群体的全基因组数据进行的分析表明，散居的罗姆人构成了一个单一的初始创始人群，该人群起源于1500年前（kya）的印度北部/西北部。我们的研究结果进一步表明，经过从近东或中东的适度基因流动的快速迁移，罗姆人的欧洲传播始于-0.9 kya通过巴尔干半岛。我们在欧洲罗姆人身上发现的强大的种群亚结构和高水平的纯合性与遗传隔离以及与非罗姆人在时间和空间上的差异基因流动是一致的。总的来说，我们的全基因组研究揭示了欧洲罗姆人的起源和人口历史。
The Romani, the largest European minority group with approximately 11 million people [1], constitute a mosaic of languages, religions, and lifestyles while sharing a distinct social heritage. Linguistic [2] and genetic [3-8] studies have located the Romani origins in the Indian subcontinent. However, a genome-wide perspective on Romani origins and population substructure, as well as a detailed reconstruction of their demographic history, has yet to be provided. Our analyses based on genome-wide data from 13 Romani groups collected across Europe suggest that the Romani diaspora constitutes a single initial founder population that originated in north/northwestern India 1.5 thousand years ago (kya). Our results further indicate that after a rapid migration with moderate gene flow from the Near or Middle East, the European spread of the Romani people was via the Balkans starting -0.9 kya. The strong population substructure and high levels of homozygosity we found in the European Romani are in line with genetic isolation as well as differential gene flow in time and space with non-Romani Europeans. Overall, our genome-wide study sheds new light on the origins and demographic history of European Romani.