Opening up engineering formation
Opening up engineering formation
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开放工程队
DOI：
10.1080/19378629.2015.1121612
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
G. Downey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Downey
工程形成--工程师的培养--包含着政治的内容。我的意思是，工程师获得并产生特定的价值取向，作为其专业知识的一部分，并开始将自己定位为以特定，不均匀，不连续的方式分配利益和成本的技术职业。1工程专业知识是价值负载的，因此是方向性的。2它没有绝对的技术-社会二元论。3人们可以瞥见工程专业知识和职业的方向性，例如，在高级设计项目，教师提供领导和其他人提供赞助-通常是私人公司。弗吉尼亚理工大学机械工程专业学生在2014-2015年开展的43个项目中，8个重点关注飞行器，7个重点关注陆地车辆; 6个支持大规模制造;各5个旨在改善道路和医疗设备;各2个为国际发展、机器人、太空旅行、体育和烟草做出了贡献; 1个寻求改善史密森尼博物馆的标本储存;和1减少士兵携带的电池重量。4虽然技术的影响经常超出其设计加入的领域，但技术中内置的计划、材料方向很重要。5参与设计团队挑战其成员融入他们的生活和工作通过一些基础设施对一些事物和一些人做出承诺，而忽略其他人。当杰出的工程师制造商宣布他们的国家正在重新定义优先事项并重新规划旅行方向时，人们可以获得工程专业知识方向性的暗示。他们从事永无止境的，焦虑驱动的斗争，以保持工程的内容，
Engineering formation – the making of engineers – includes political contents. By this I mean that engineers acquire and generate specific value orientations as part of their expertise and begin positioning themselves for techno-careers that distribute benefits and costs in specific, uneven, discontinuous ways.1 Engineering expertise is value-laden and, hence, directional.2 It performs no absolute technical-social dualism.3 One gains glimpses of directionalities in engineering expertise and careers, for example, in the senior design projects that faculty offer to lead and others offer to sponsor – typically private corporations. Of the 43 projects carried out in 2014–2015 by mechanical engineering students at Virginia Tech, 8 focused on aircraft vehicles and 7 on land vehicles; 6 supported large-scale manufacturing; 5 each aimed at improving roads and medical devices; 2 each contributed to international development, robots, space travel, sports, and tobacco; 1 sought to improve specimen storage at the Smithsonian; and 1 reduced battery weight carried by soldiers.4 While the effects of technologies frequently flow beyond the fields they are designed to join, the planned, material directions built into technologies matter.5 Participating in a design team challenges its members to integrate into their lives and work commitments to some things and some people through some infrastructures, leaving out others. One can gain hints of directionality in engineering expertise when prominent makers of engineers announce that their countries are re-defining priorities and re-plotting directions of travel.6 The makers join together to propose changes in curricular infrastructures. They engage in never-ending, anxiety-driven struggles to keep the contents of engineering