The p-value Function and Statistical Inference

The p-value Function and Statistical Inference
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p 值函数和统计推断

DOI:
10.1080/00031305.2018.1556735
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
The American Statistician
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Donald Fraser
Donald Fraser
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Donald Fraser

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摘要本文有两个目标。第一个也是范围更窄的是形式化 p 值函数,它记录所有可能的 p 值,每个 p 值对应于当前问题的任何感兴趣的标量参数的值,并展示该 p 值函数如何直接为任何相应的用户或科学家提供完整的推理信息。 p 值函数提供熟悉的推理对象:显着性水平、置信区间、固定水平检验的临界值以及感兴趣参数的所有值的幂函数。因此,它可以立即准确且直观地总结感兴趣的参数的推理信息。我们证明关键标量兴趣参数的 p 值函数记录了观测数据相对于该参数的统计位置,然后我们描述了易于构造的 p 值函数的精确近似。
ABSTRACT This article has two objectives. The first and narrower is to formalize the p-value function, which records all possible p-values, each corresponding to a value for whatever the scalar parameter of interest is for the problem at hand, and to show how this p-value function directly provides full inference information for any corresponding user or scientist. The p-value function provides familiar inference objects: significance levels, confidence intervals, critical values for fixed-level tests, and the power function at all values of the parameter of interest. It thus gives an immediate accurate and visual summary of inference information for the parameter of interest. We show that the p-value function of the key scalar interest parameter records the statistical position of the observed data relative to that parameter, and we then describe an accurate approximation to that p-value function which is readily constructed.