Groundwater-dependent ecosystems in Oregon: an assessment of their distribution and associated threats
Groundwater-dependent ecosystems in Oregon: an assessment of their distribution and associated threats
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DOI：
10.1890/090108
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
10.3
通讯作者：
DeGagne, Julia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Jenny;Bach, Leslie;DeGagne, Julia
对依赖地下水的生态系统的有效保护和管理由于有关其位置和相关地下水供应状况的资料不足而受到阻碍。我们通过开发一种方法来解决这一知识差距，该方法使用现有的数据集来定位gde（包括依赖地下水的泉水、湖泊、河流、湿地和物种），并评估对地下水数量和质量的威胁。在这里，我们报告了这种方法在美国俄勒冈州的应用。俄勒冈州近40%的流域含有两种或两种以上的GDE类型，称为“GDE集群”，这表明地下水对生态系统的广泛重要性。记录在案的问题可能低估了地下水供应或水质改变对生态系统的威胁。尽管记录在案的地下水位下降的情况有限，但在18%的GDE集群中，高密度的许可井（用于灌溉或其他商业目的）对地下水的可用性构成威胁。此外，虽然只有5%的GDE集群已知地下水污染，但我们的评估表明，30%的GDE集群受到硝酸盐污染的威胁，30%受到工业化学品污染的威胁，70%受到农药污染的威胁。这项对一般发展中国家及其地下水供应所受威胁的初步评估突出了地下水的生态重要性以及将保护一般发展中国家纳入水管理政策的必要性。
Effective protection and management of groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) are hindered by inadequate information on their locations and the condition of associated groundwater supplies. We addressed this knowledge gap by developing a methodology that uses existing datasets to locate GDEs (including groundwater-dependent springs, lakes, rivers, wetlands, and species) and assess threats to groundwater quantity and quality. Here we report on the application of this method across the US state of Oregon. Nearly 40% of watersheds in Oregon contain two or more types of GDEs termed "GDE clusters" - indicating the widespread importance of groundwater to ecosystems. Documented problems may underestimate the threat to ecosystems from altered groundwater supply or quality. Although documented occurrences of water-table declines are limited, high densities of permitted wells (for irrigation or other commercial purposes) pose a threat to groundwater availability in 18% of GDE clusters. Furthermore, although only 5% of GDE clusters have known groundwater contamination, our assessment indicates that 30% of GDE clusters are threatened with groundwater contamination by nitrates, 30% by industrial chemicals, and 70% by pesticides. This initial assessment of GDEs and threats to their groundwater supply highlights the ecological importance of groundwater and the need to incorporate protection of GDEs in water management policy.