A NEW JERUSALEM ‘AT THE ENDS OF THE EARTH’: INTERPRETING CHARLES THOMAS’S EXCAVATIONS AT IONA ABBEY 1956–63
A NEW JERUSALEM ‘AT THE ENDS OF THE EARTH’: INTERPRETING CHARLES THOMAS’S EXCAVATIONS AT IONA ABBEY 1956–63
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“天涯海角”的新耶路撒冷：解读查尔斯·托马斯在爱奥纳修道院的发掘 1956-63
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发表时间：
2020
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Maldonado
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作者：
E. Campbell;A. Maldonado
爱奥纳在七至九世纪期间是欧洲重要的知识和艺术中心，尽管它明显处于“地球尽头”的边缘位置，但这里仍有杰出的插图手稿、雕塑和宗教著作。最近的神学论述强调了爱奥纳的主导作用，特别是它的第九方丈Adomnán，在发展尘世修道院作为天堂耶路撒冷的镜子的隐喻中，允许我们对爱奥纳的创新修道院布局及其对英国北部其他修道院的影响提出新的欣赏。作者认为，独特的铺砌道路和早期教堂的示意图布局，神社礼拜堂和独立的十字架是为了唤起耶路撒冷，而前往圣地中心的旅程反映了朝圣者前往基督坟墓的旅程。这种变革性理解的关键是查尔斯·托马斯（Charles Thomas） 1956年至1963年对爱奥那岛的发掘活动，这篇文章是首次发表。这些发掘在英国早期基督教考古学的历史上很有影响力，因为它们帮助形成了托马斯的许多想法，后来在一系列有影响力的书中表达出来。他们还揭示了有关修道院建筑群布局和功能的重要新信息，并制作了一些独特的金属制品和玻璃制品，大大扩展了我们对该遗址活动的了解。本文将这些新信息与对爱奥那岛大量其他发掘证据的重新评估进行了整理，并将结果与最近在其他岛上修道院遗址的探索联系起来。
Iona was a major European intellectual and artistic centre during the seventh to ninth centuries, with outstanding illustrated manuscripts, sculpture and religious writings produced there, despite its apparently peripheral location ‘at the ends of the earth’. Recent theological discourse has emphasised the leading role of Iona, and particularly its ninth abbot, Adomnán, in developing the metaphor of the earthly monastery as a mirror of heavenly Jerusalem, allowing us to suggest a new appreciation of the innovative monastic layout at Iona and its influence on other monasteries in northern Britain. The authors contend that the unique paved roadway and the schematic layout of the early church, shrine chapel and free-standing crosses were intended to evoke Jerusalem, and that the journey to the sacred heart of the site mirrored a pilgrim’s journey to the tomb of Christ. The key to this transformative understanding is Charles Thomas’s 1956–63 campaign of excavations on Iona, which this article is publishing for the first time. These excavations were influential in the history of early Christian archaeology in Britain as they helped to form many of Thomas’s ideas, later expressed in a series of influential books. They also revealed important new information on the layout and function of the monastic complex, and produced some unique metalwork and glass artefacts that considerably expand our knowledge of activities on the site. This article collates this new information with a re-assessment of the evidence from a large series of other excavations on Iona, and relates the results to recent explorations at other Insular monastic sites.