Uptake, effects, and regeneration of barley plants exposed to gold nanoparticles
Uptake, effects, and regeneration of barley plants exposed to gold nanoparticles
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DOI：
10.1007/s11356-014-4015-0
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Leopold, Kerstin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Feichtmeier, Nadine S.;Walther, Paul;Leopold, Kerstin
在过去的几年里，纳米金在纳米技术中变得越来越重要，例如作为催化剂或在医学应用中。它的生产、应用和处置的增加不可避免地导致环境中金纳米颗粒(Au-NPs)排放的增加。然而，关于Au-NPs的吸收及其对生物群的影响，人们知之甚少。本研究的目的是研究模式生物大麦对柠檬酸包膜Au-NP吸收的可逆性及其影响。为此，大麦种子在含有Au-NP的营养液中培养2周，然后将幼苗转移到无Au-NP的基质中，再生长3周。考察了Au-NPs在培养基中暴露2周的稳定性。经微波消解后，采用全反射X射线荧光(TXRF)分析方法，分别于照射后2周、再生后7、14、21天测定植株叶片和根中的金含量。此外，利用超薄横截面的透射电子显微镜对植物材料中的Au-NPs进行了定位。结果表明，Au-NPs在植物根部积累。对暴露植物对大量和微量营养素的吸收，以及对生物量生产的影响，特别是对根的生长，观察到了浓度依赖的影响。尽管暴露的大麦植株能够在一定程度上再生，但它们的根生长却永久性地减少。
Within the last years, nanogold has become more and more important in nanotechnology, for example, as catalyst or in medical applications. Its rising production, application, and disposal inevitably lead to an increased emission of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) in the environment. However, only little is known about the uptake and effects of Au-NPs on biota. The objective of this study was to investigate the reversibility and effects of citrate-coated Au-NP uptake into the model organism barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). For this purpose, barley seeds were cultivated in Au-NP-containing nutrient solution for 2 weeks before the seedlings were transferred into Au-NP-free media and grown for another 3 weeks. Stability of Au-NPs in the cultivation media was investigated over the 2-week exposure time. Gold content in the leaves and roots of the plants was measured after 2 weeks of exposure and after 7, 14, and 21 days of regeneration by means of total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis after microwave-assisted digestion. Moreover, Au-NPs within plant material were localized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of ultrathin cross sections. The obtained results reveal that Au-NPs accumulate in the plant roots. Concentration-dependent effects on the uptake of macronutrients and micronutrients, as well as on biomass production of exposed plants, in particular, on root growth were observed. Even though exposed barley plants were able to regenerate to a certain extent, their root growth was permanently decreased.