The Family Environment in Early Childhood Has a Long-Term Effect on Self-Esteem: A Longitudinal Study From Birth to Age 27 Years
The Family Environment in Early Childhood Has a Long-Term Effect on Self-Esteem: A Longitudinal Study From Birth to Age 27 Years
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DOI：
10.1037/pspp0000143
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Orth, Ulrich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Orth, Ulrich
我们需要更好地理解影响个体自尊差异发展的因素。这项研究采用前瞻性纵向设计，检验了儿童早期的家庭环境是否能预测以后的发展阶段的自尊。数据来自具有全国代表性的美国8711名参与者的样本，他们从8岁到27岁每两年报告一次自己的自尊。此外，在参与者生命的头6年里，对其母亲的两年一次的评估提供了关于家庭环境质量(包括育儿质量、认知刺激和物质家庭环境)、父母关系质量、父亲在场、母亲抑郁和家庭贫困状况的信息。这些分析使用了年龄相关系数的非线性回归分析，并控制了儿童性别和种族的影响。结果表明，儿童早期的家庭环境对儿童成长过程中的自尊有显著的预测作用。尽管这种影响随着年龄的增长而变小，但这种影响在年轻成年时仍然存在。对家庭环境质量的影响最大。此外，研究结果表明，家庭环境、父亲在场和贫困的影响是持久的，从8岁到27岁的影响时间过程中呈现出一条非零的渐近线。最后，家庭环境质量在一定程度上解释了其他预测因素的影响。研究结果表明，家庭环境是影响儿童自尊长期发展的关键因素。
A better understanding is needed of the factors that shape the development of individual differences in self-esteem. Using a prospective longitudinal design, this research tested whether the family environment in early childhood predicts self-esteem in later developmental periods. Data came from a nationally representative U.S. sample of 8,711 participants, who reported on their self-esteem biannually from age 8 to 27 years. Moreover, during the participants' first 6 years of life, biannual assessments of their mothers provided information on the quality of the home environment (covering quality of parenting, cognitive stimulation, and physical home environment), quality of parental relationship, presence of father, maternal depression, and poverty status of the family. The analyses were conducted using nonlinear regression analyses of age-dependent correlation coefficients, which were controlled for the effects of child gender and ethnicity. The results suggested that the family environment in early childhood significantly predicted self-esteem as the children grew up. Although the effects became smaller with age, the effects were still present during young adulthood. The largest effects emerged for quality of home environment. Moreover, the results suggested that the effects of home environment, presence of father, and poverty are enduring, as indicated by a nonzero asymptote in the time course of effects from age 8 to 27 years. Finally, quality of home environment partially accounted for the effects of the other predictors. The findings suggest that the home environment is a key factor in early childhood that influences the long-term development of self-esteem.