The Extracellular Matrix in the Evolution of Cortical Development and Folding.
The Extracellular Matrix in the Evolution of Cortical Development and Folding.
复制标题
皮质发育和折叠进化中的细胞外基质。
DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2020.604448
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Borrell V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amin S;Borrell V
哺乳动物大脑皮层导致人类的进化涉及到非常复杂的发育机制。祖细胞增殖和神经元迁移机制的特殊适应被认为在新皮质发育的这一进化中发挥了重要作用。影响新皮质发育的核心因素之一是细胞外基质(ECM)。细胞外基质在组织形成过程中提供了一个结构框架，并向细胞提供信号分子，直接影响细胞的行为和运动。在这里，我们综述了最近的进展，了解细胞外基质分子在祖细胞增殖和神经元迁移中的作用，以及这些分子如何促进大脑皮层的扩张和折叠。我们讨论了在人类、雪貂和小鼠的转录研究中如何确定ECM的成分在发育和进化过程中是皮层扩展的候选关键角色。然后我们重点介绍了最近的功能研究表明，ECM成分调节皮质前体细胞的增殖、神经元迁移和发育中的皮质的机械特性。最后，我们讨论了这些特征在无脑和回脑物种之间的不同，以及细胞外基质成分及其表达谱的分子进化如何在哺乳动物系统发育中皮质折叠的出现和进化中起到基础作用。
The evolution of the mammalian cerebral cortex leading to humans involved a remarkable sophistication of developmental mechanisms. Specific adaptations of progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal migration mechanisms have been proposed to play major roles in this evolution of neocortical development. One of the central elements influencing neocortex development is the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM provides both a structural framework during tissue formation and to present signaling molecules to cells, which directly influences cell behavior and movement. Here we review recent advances in the understanding of the role of ECM molecules on progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal migration, and how these contribute to cerebral cortex expansion and folding. We discuss how transcriptomic studies in human, ferret and mouse identify components of ECM as being candidate key players in cortex expansion during development and evolution. Then we focus on recent functional studies showing that ECM components regulate cortical progenitor cell proliferation, neuron migration and the mechanical properties of the developing cortex. Finally, we discuss how these features differ between lissencephalic and gyrencephalic species, and how the molecular evolution of ECM components and their expression profiles may have been fundamental in the emergence and evolution of cortex folding across mammalian phylogeny.