Indigenous knowledge of dye-yielding plants among Bai communities in Dali, Northwest Yunnan, China
Indigenous knowledge of dye-yielding plants among Bai communities in Dali, Northwest Yunnan, China
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DOI：
10.1186/s13002-018-0274-z
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发表时间：
2018-11-29
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Yang, Lixin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fan, Yanxiao;Zhao, Yanqiang;Yang, Lixin
背景中国云南西北部大理州的白族有着悠久的利用植物提取物染色传统服饰的历史，并为子孙后代保留了这种文化。然而，现代技术的发展在极大提高染色效率的同时，也在取代本土知识，威胁到本土实践，导致本土实践逐渐消失。本研究旨在考察白族社区纺织染色植物的本土知识，为其可持续发展提供基础。方法我们对通过滚雪球抽样法选取的344名受访者（36岁以上）进行半结构化访谈。自由名单和参与观察被用作访谈的补充方法。采用三个定量指标（知情人共识因子[ICF]、使用频率和文化重要性指数[CI]）来评价染料植物的本土知识。结果白族群落将属于19个植物分类科的23种植物用于染料。我们将它们概括为四种生命形式、八种使用部件、五种颜色、三种加工方法和四种染色方法。其中Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) O. Kuntze是最传统的染色植物，具有重要的文化价值。地点、年龄和性别对土著知识有显着影响，并且染色知识是动态的并受到社会因素的影响。结论大理州白族聚落中存在着丰富的植物资源和丰富的纺织染色土著知识。然而，高昂的劳动力成本和使用植物染料的传统产品的市场稀疏导致人们对传统做法的排斥。为此，其他职业的良好收入吸引了土著人民放弃制造植物染料的传统，以及面临灭绝风险的相关文化体系。为了保护白族社区的这一宝贵知识和生物多样性，有必要对使用植物染料的产品进行更多的市场开发研究。
BackgroundBai people in the Dali Prefecture of Northwest Yunnan, China, have a long history of using plant extracts to dye their traditional costumes and maintain this culture for posterity. However, the development of modern technology, while vastly improving the dyeing efficiency, is also replacing indigenous knowledge which threatens the indigenous practice, causing the latter disappearing gradually. This study sought to examine the indigenous knowledge of plants used for textile dyeing in Bai communities, so as to provide a foundation for their sustainable development.MethodsWe conducted a semi-structured interview among 344 informants (above age 36) selected through a snowball sampling method. Free lists and participant observation were used as supplementary methods for the interviews. Three quantitative indicators (informant consensus factor [ICF], use frequency, and cultural importance index [CI]) were used to evaluate the indigenous knowledge of the dye-yielding plants.ResultsTwenty-three species belonging to 19 plant taxonomic families were used for dye by Bai communities. We summarized them into four life forms, eight used parts, five colors, three processing methods, and four dyeing methods. Among them, Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) O. Kuntze was the most traditional dyeing plant and has an important cultural value. Location, age, and gender were found to have a significant effect on indigenous knowledge, and the dyeing knowledge was dynamic and influenced by social factors.ConclusionsDiverse plant resources and rich indigenous knowledge of textile dyeing persist at settlements of Bai communities in Dali Prefecture. However, high labor costs and thinning market of traditional products that use plant dye cause repulsion toward traditional practice. To that, a good income in other profession attracts indigenous people to shift from their tradition of making plant-based dye and associated cultural systems at risk of extinction. More research for market development for products that use plant-based dye is necessary for the conservation of this valuable knowledge and biodiversity protection in Bai communities.