The new scope of virus taxonomy: partitioning the virosphere into 15 hierarchical ranks
The new scope of virus taxonomy: partitioning the virosphere into 15 hierarchical ranks
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DOI：
10.1038/s41564-020-0709-x
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发表时间：
2020-05-01
影响因子：
28.3
通讯作者：
Kuhn, Jens H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gorbalenya, Alexander E.;Krupovic, Mart;Kuhn, Jens H.
病毒分类学作为一门学科出现于世纪中期。传统上，病毒分类学家的分类一直集中在相对密切相关的病毒的分组上。然而，在过去的几年里，国际病毒分类委员会（ICTV）已经认识到，它开发的分类法可以有效地扩展到包括远亲病毒之间的基本进化关系。因此，ICTV已经改变了它的编码，允许一个15级的分类层次结构，与林奈分类系统紧密结合，并可能适应病毒圈中遗传分歧的整个谱。目前的三种人类病原体，埃博拉病毒，严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒和单纯疱疹病毒1的分类法被用来说明扩展的等级结构的影响。这种新的病毒分类等级体系将刺激对病毒起源和进化的进一步研究，反之亦然，并可能促进与细胞生物分类学的交叉。在这里，国际病毒分类学委员会描述了一种新的，扩展的病毒分类方案，具有15个等级，与林奈分类系统密切一致，更好地涵盖病毒多样性。
Virus taxonomy emerged as a discipline in the middle of the twentieth century. Traditionally, classification by virus taxonomists has been focussed on the grouping of relatively closely related viruses. However, during the past few years, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) has recognized that the taxonomy it develops can be usefully extended to include the basal evolutionary relationships among distantly related viruses. Consequently, the ICTV has changed its Code to allow a 15-rank classification hierarchy that closely aligns with the Linnaean taxonomic system and may accommodate the entire spectrum of genetic divergence in the virosphere. The current taxonomies of three human pathogens, Ebola virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and herpes simplex virus 1 are used to illustrate the impact of the expanded rank structure. This new rank hierarchy of virus taxonomy will stimulate further research on virus origins and evolution, and vice versa, and could promote crosstalk with the taxonomies of cellular organisms.Here, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses describe a new, expanded virus classification scheme with 15 ranks that closely aligns with the Linnaean taxonomic system and better encompasses viral diversity.