The Contribution of Smoking to Educational Gradients in U.S. Life Expectancy.
The Contribution of Smoking to Educational Gradients in U.S. Life Expectancy.
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DOI：
10.1177/0022146515592731
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Fenelon A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ho JY;Fenelon A
研究人员记录了自20世纪70年代以来美国死亡率的教育梯度不断扩大。虽然吸烟被认为是造成这一趋势的一个主要原因，但此前没有任何研究量化了吸烟对增加长寿教育差距的贡献。我们使用来自国家纵向死亡率研究（N= 283，430; 68，644例死亡）和国家健康访谈调查（N= 584，811; 127，226例死亡）的50岁及以上白色男性和女性的数据，在20世纪80年代至2006年的五个时期估计吸烟对预期寿命教育梯度的贡献。在每一个时期，吸烟都对白色男性和女性在寿命方面的教育差距做出了重要贡献。吸烟占白色女性差距增加的一半，但不能解释最近一段时间白色男性差距的扩大。在教育程度较低的人群中提高吸烟率和持续吸烟率，可能会减少死亡率的不平等。
Researchers have documented widening educational gradients in mortality in the United States since the 1970s. While smoking has been proposed as a key explanation for this trend, no prior study has quantified the contribution of smoking to increasing education gaps in longevity. We estimate the contribution of smoking to educational gradients in life expectancy using data on white men and women aged 50 and above from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study (N=283,430; 68,644 deaths) and the National Health Interview Survey (N=584,811; 127,226 deaths) in five periods covering the 1980s to 2006. In each period, smoking makes an important contribution to education gaps in longevity for white men and women. Smoking accounts for half the increase in the gap for white women but does not explain the widening gap for white men in the most recent period. Addressing greater initiation and continued smoking among the less educated may reduce mortality inequalities.