Lessons from comparative analysis of X-chromosome inactivation in mammals
Lessons from comparative analysis of X-chromosome inactivation in mammals
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DOI：
10.1007/s10577-009-9057-7
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Heard, Edith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Okamoto, Ikuhiro;Heard, Edith
在大多数哺乳动物中，X染色体失活被用作实现XX雌性和XY雄性之间剂量补偿的策略。这一过程是发育调节，导致在同一个细胞核中的两个X染色体的差异处理和沉默状态的有丝分裂遗传性。在XX胚胎中缺乏剂量补偿被认为会导致早期致死，至少在真兽目动物中是这样。鉴于其基本的重要性，X染色体失活将被预测为在哺乳动物中高度保守的过程。然而，最近的研究揭示了真兽目和有袋类之间X失活的主要机制差异，这表明X染色体的进化以及哺乳动物之间的发育差异导致了剂量补偿的不同进化策略。
In most mammals, X-chromosome inactivation is used as the strategy to achieve dosage compensation between XX females and XY males. This process is developmentally regulated, resulting in the differential treatment of the two X chromosomes in the same nucleus and mitotic heritability of the silent state. A lack of dosage compensation in an XX embryo is believed to result in early lethality, at least in eutherians. Given its fundamental importance, X-chromosome inactivation would be predicted to be a highly conserved process in mammals. However, recent studies have revealed major mechanistic differences in X inactivation between eutherians and marsupials, suggesting that the evolution of the X chromosome as well as developmental differences between mammals have led to diverse evolutionary strategies for dosage compensation.