Recent Progress and New Challenges in Isospin Physics with Heavy-Ion Reactions
Recent Progress and New Challenges in Isospin Physics with Heavy-Ion Reactions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physrep.2008.04.005
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发表时间：
2008-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bao-An Li;Lie-Wen Chen;C. Ko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bao-An Li;Lie-Wen Chen;C. Ko
通过富中子、稳定和/或放射性核的重离子反应研究同位旋物理的最终目的是探索介质中核有效相互作用的同位旋依赖关系和富中子核物质的态方程，特别是态方程中同位旋依赖项，即对称能的密度依赖关系。由于核对称能的密度依赖性对理解核物理和天体物理中的许多现象具有重要意义，因此，近十年来，核对称能的密度依赖性研究一直是中能重离子物理界的研究热点，并在实验和理论方面取得了重大进展。特别是，许多现象或可观测物已被确定为对核对称能的密度依赖性的敏感探针。实验研究已经证实了这些有趣的同位旋依赖效应，并允许我们在亚饱和密度下相对严格地约束对称能。人们还研究了对称能的这种受限密度依赖性对中子星性质的影响，发现它们对天体物理学界非常有用。随着世界各地正在建设的各种放射性束流设施提供了新的机会，同位旋物理的研究有望继续成为核物理学的前沿研究领域之一。在这篇报告中，我们回顾了近十年来在重离子反应同位旋物理方面取得的主要进展，并讨论了该领域未来面临的最重要问题。
The ultimate goal of studying isospin physics via heavy-ion reactions with neutron-rich, stable and/or radioactive nuclei is to explore the isospin dependence of in-medium nuclear effective interactions and the equation of state of neutron-rich nuclear matter, particularly the isospin-dependent term in the equation of state, i.e., the density dependence of the symmetry energy. Because of its great importance for understanding many phenomena in both nuclear physics and astrophysics, the study of the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy has been the main focus of the intermediate-energy heavy-ion physics community during the last decade, and significant progress has been achieved both experimentally and theoretically. In particular, a number of phenomena or observables have been identified as sensitive probes to the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy. Experimental studies have confirmed some of these interesting isospin-dependent effects and allowed us to constrain relatively stringently the symmetry energy at sub-saturation densities. The impact of this constrained density dependence of the symmetry energy on the properties of neutron stars have also been studied, and they were found to be very useful for the astrophysical community. With new opportunities provided by the various radioactive beam facilities being constructed around the world, the study of isospin physics is expected to remain one of the forefront research areas in nuclear physics. In this report, we review the major progress achieved during the last decade in isospin physics with heavy ion reactions and discuss future challenges to the most important issues in this field.