Depression among Black Youth; Interaction of Class and Place
Depression among Black Youth; Interaction of Class and Place
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DOI：
10.3390/brainsci8060108
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Simons, Ronald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Assari, Shervin;Gibbons, Frederick X.;Simons, Ronald
虽然高社会经济地位（SES）传统上被概念化为健康保护因素，但最近的文献记录了SES之间的正相关（例如，黑人，包括黑人青年。为了扩展最近的文献的结果，目前的研究使用家庭和社区健康研究（FACHS）的数据来研究性别，地点和SES在很长一段时间内对黑人青年平均抑郁症状的倍增效应。FACHS，1997-2017，跟踪了889名10-12岁的黑人儿童长达18年。抑郁症状被分为七个波。感兴趣的主要预测因素是两个社会经济地位指标，父母教育和家庭收入在基线（1997年）测量。关注的主要结果是18年随访期间的平均抑郁症状。居住地和性别是主要的主持人。线性回归模型用于数据分析。在汇总的样本中，生活在一个以白色为主的地区，随着时间的推移，与较高的平均抑郁症状，然而，这种关联是充分解释了较高的感知种族歧视，主要是白色地区。我们发现收入和居住地之间的相互作用，平均抑郁症状，这表明，较高的收入与更多的抑郁症状，主要是白色相比，主要是黑人地区。地方没有互动与父母教育的平均抑郁症状。性别也没有与抑郁症状的教育或收入相互作用。研究结果表明，地方和SES可能相互作用的抑郁症状的黑人青年，高收入成为抑郁症状的危险因素，主要是白色地区。社会经济地位指标，如收入，如何保护或成为一个风险因素取决于其他背景因素，如居住地。有必要减少黑人遭受的歧视，特别是在以白色人为主的地区。与此同时，生活在以白色为主的地区的黑人青年可能需要额外的帮助，以提高他们的应对能力。
Although high socioeconomic status (SES) is traditionally conceptualized as a health protective factor, recent literature has documented positive associations between SES (e.g., income) and depression among Blacks, including Black youth. To extend the results of this recent literature, the current study used the Family and Community Health Study (FACHS) data to examine the multiplicative effects of gender, place, and SES on average depressive symptoms of Black youth over a long period of time. FACHS, 1997-2017, followed 889 Black children aged 10-12 years old for up to 18 years. Depressive symptoms were measured in seven waves. The main predictors of interest were two SES indicators, parent education and family income measured at baseline (1997). Main outcome of interest was average depressive symptoms over the 18 year follow up period. Place of residence and gender were the focal moderators. Linear regression models were used for data analysis. In the pooled sample, living in a predominantly White area was associated with higher average depressive symptoms over time, however, this association was fully explained by higher perceived racial discrimination in the predominantly White areas. We found an interaction between income and place of residence on average depressive symptoms, suggesting that higher income is associated with more depressive symptoms in predominantly White compared to predominantly Black areas. Place did not interact with parent education on average depressive symptoms. Gender also did not interact with education or income on depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that place and SES may interact on depressive symptoms of Black youth, with high income becoming a risk factor for depressive symptoms in predominantly White areas. How SES indicators, such as income, protect or become a risk factor depend on other contextual factors, such as place of residence. There is a need to reduce discrimination experienced by Blacks, especially in predominantly White areas. Meanwhile, Black youth who live in predominantly White areas may require additional help that enhances their coping.