Toward precision irrigation for intensive strawberry cultivation
Toward precision irrigation for intensive strawberry cultivation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agwat.2014.09.021
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发表时间：
2015-03-31
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Montesinos, P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garcia Morillo, J.;Martin, M.;Montesinos, P.
西班牙西南部的多纳纳地区是欧洲草莓生产商最集中的地区。年产量近30万吨，主要销往国际市场（90%以上）。由于草莓对水的需求量很大，同时也考虑到目的地国家的环境问题，最大限度地提高水资源利用效率对草莓生产至关重要，针对草莓生产中的水资源高效利用问题，根据精确灌溉原理，设计了一套综合滴灌系统。该系统已开发的基础上，三个阶段的方法。首先，对农民进行的灌溉过程进行了评估，以确定灌溉系统和管理的效率低下。使用相对灌溉供应量（RIS）、草莓灌溉用水量（SWA）和草莓水足迹（SWFA）等指标评估了它们的性能。第二阶段的重点是在精确的作物需水量估计和最佳灌溉脉冲设计的基础上精确的灌溉调度。最后，灌溉系统的设计是以及时、高效和空间均匀的方式满足作物的需求。根据研究区草莓生产的具体条件，选择了最合适的滴灌灌水器。控制该系统所需的其他农场灌溉技术已被集成，包括土壤水传感器，智能水表，编程器，电子阀和气象站。在2013- 2014年灌溉季节，该精确灌溉系统已安装在一个商业草莓农场中。此外，还开发了一个PC、手机和平板电脑应用程序，为农民提供实用信息（例如灌溉时间），以优化灌溉计划。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The Donana area in Southwestern Spain has the largest concentration of strawberry producers in Europe. The annual yield, close to 300,000t, is mainly devoted to the international markets (more than 90%). Due to the high water demand of strawberries and to the environmental concerns of the destination countries, the maximization of water use efficiency is critical for the strawberry sector.Aiming at the efficient water use in the strawberry production, a comprehensive drip irrigation system has been designed, according to precision irrigation principles. The system has been developed based on a three stages methodology. First, the irrigation process carried out by farmers has been assessed to identify inefficiencies in the irrigation system and management. Their performances have been evaluated using indicators such as the Relative Irrigation Supply (RIS), Strawberry Irrigation Water Applied (SWA) and Strawberry Water Footprint Applied (SWFA). The second phase is focused in an accurate irrigation scheduling based in precise crop water requirements estimation and the optimum irrigation pulse design. Finally, the irrigation system has been designed with the prevailing wisdom of meets the needs of the crop in a timely manner and as efficiently and as spatially uniformly as possible. The most appropriate drip irrigation emitters for the particular conditions of the strawberry production in the study area have been selected. The rest of the on-farm irrigation technologies required to control the system have been integrated, including soil water sensors, smart water meters, programmers, electrovalves and weather station. This precision irrigation system has been installed in a commercial strawberry farm during the irrigation season 2013-2014.Also, an application for PC, mobiles and tablets has been developed to provide farmers practical information (e.g. irrigation times) for optimal irrigation scheduling. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.