An observational approach to the assessment of anxiety in young children.
An observational approach to the assessment of anxiety in young children.
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评估幼儿焦虑的观察方法。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-006x.46.6.1246
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发表时间：
1978
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
John R. Weisz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blair Glennon;John R. Weisz
焦虑症的临床研究长期以来一直依赖于可能不适合幼儿的评估技术(例如，自我报告清单)。本文描述了这种技术的另一种选择--使用观测方法的标尺。为了评估该工具的信度和效度，在两次测试中对学龄前儿童进行了观察和评分。第一阶段，母亲缺席，预计会引发相对较高的焦虑；第二阶段，母亲出席，预计会引发较小的焦虑。由两名独立评委分配的POSA总分相关系数为0.78(p<；.001)，大多数量表条目的评委间相关性非常显著。关于工具的效度，研究发现：(A)POSA得分与教师和家长的儿童焦虑问卷评分显著相关(均P<0.01)；(B)儿童在第一阶段的POSA得分显著高于第二阶段(P<；.01)。研究结果表明，POSA可能提供了一种评估情境诱发焦虑的方法，这些儿童太小，不能准确地报告他们的内部状态。
Clinical research on anxiety has long relied on assessment techniques that may be inappropriate with young children (e.g., self-report inventories). The present article describes an alternative to such techniques—a scale using observational methodology. To assess the reliability and validity of this instrument, the Preschool Observational Scale of Anxiety (POSA), preschoolers were observed and scored on the scale during two test sessions. Session 1, with mothers absent, was expected to provoke relatively high anxiety; Session 2, with mothers present, was expected to provoke minimal anxiety. Total POSA scores assigned by two independent judges correlated .78 (p < .001), with highly significant interjudge correlations for most of the scale items. Regarding the validity of the instrument, it was found that (a) POSA scores were significantly correlated with teachers' and parents' inventory ratings of children's anxiety (all ps < .01), and (b) children's POSA scores were significantly higher in Session 1 than Session 2 (p < .01). The findings suggest that the POSA may provide a means of assessing situationally induced anxiety in children who are too young to accurately report their internal states.