Design of smart nanomedicines for effective cancer treatment
Design of smart nanomedicines for effective cancer treatment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121791
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发表时间：
2022-06-10
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Betancourt, Tania
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aghda, Niloofar Heshmati;Dabbaghianamiri, Maedeh;Betancourt, Tania
纳米医学是一个新的研究领域，它涉及使用纳米材料来解决与癌症治疗的传统疗法相关的挑战和问题，包括但不限于低生物利用度、低水溶性、治疗窗口窄、非特异性分布和药物的多种副作用。目前已经开发了多种策略来减少活性药物成分(API)的非特异性分布，从而减少其副作用，包括主动和被动靶向策略以及治疗药物的外部可控释放。药物的特定部位释放可防止其影响健康细胞，从而显著减少副作用。API释放触发器既可以是外部应用的，如超声波介导的激活，也可以是由肿瘤诱导的。要合理地设计这种纳米药物，必须充分了解肿瘤微环境与健康组织之间的差异，并结合对刺激反应生物材料的广泛知识。在这里，我们描述区别于正常组织的肿瘤组织的特征。然后，我们介绍了智能材料，这些材料通常用于智能纳米药物的开发，这些材料可以由pH、温度和酶活性的变化等刺激来触发。进一步讨论了最新的进展及其对癌症治疗领域的影响。
Nanomedicine is a novel field of study that involves the use of nanomaterials to address challenges and issues that are associated with conventional therapeutics for cancer treatment including, but not limited to, low bioavailability, low water-solubility, narrow therapeutic window, nonspecific distribution, and multiple side effects of the drugs. Multiple strategies have been exploited to reduce the nonspecific distribution, and thus the side effect of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), including active and passive targeting strategies and externally controllable release of the therapeutic cargo. Site-specific release of the drug prevents it from impacting healthy cells, thereby significantly reducing side effects. API release triggers can be either externally applied, as in ultrasound-mediated activation, or induced by the tumor. To rationally design such nanomedicines, a thorough understanding of the differences between the tumor microenvironment versus that of healthy tissues must be paired with extensive knowledge of stimuli-responsive biomaterials. Herein, we describe the characteristics that differentiate tumor tissues from normal tissues. Then, we introduce smart materials that are commonly used for the development of smart nanomedicines to be triggered by stimuli such as changes in pH, temperature, and enzymatic activity. The most recent advances and their impact on the field of cancer therapy are further discussed.