Transmission of Ebola viruses: what we know and what we do not know.
Transmission of Ebola viruses: what we know and what we do not know.
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DOI：
10.1128/mbio.00137-15
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发表时间：
2015-02-19
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Kobinger GP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Osterholm MT;Moore KA;Kelley NS;Brosseau LM;Wong G;Murphy FA;Peters CJ;LeDuc JW;Russell PK;Van Herp M;Kapetshi J;Muyembe JJ;Ilunga BK;Strong JE;Grolla A;Wolz A;Kargbo B;Kargbo DK;Sanders DA;Kobinger GP
现有证据表明，直接接触病人和接触传染性体液是埃博拉病毒传播的主要方式，但这是基于数量有限的研究。需要进一步研究的关键领域包括（i）气溶胶传播的作用（通过源患者附近的大液滴或小颗粒），（ii）环境污染和污染物传播的作用，（iii）轻微或轻度疾病的人传播感染的程度，（iv）临床相关传染性持续多久，（v）"超级传播事件"在推动传播动态方面可能发挥的作用，（vi）病毒株差异或在暴发环境中的重复连续传代是否会影响病毒传播，以及（vii）森林动物或家畜在暴发传播中可能发挥什么作用，特别是在2013 - 2015年西非局势等重大流行病期间。在这次审查中，我们解决我们所知道的和我们不知道的埃博拉病毒传播。我们还假设埃博拉病毒有可能成为主要呼吸道传播的呼吸道病原体。
Available evidence demonstrates that direct patient contact and contact with infectious body fluids are the primary modes for Ebola virus transmission, but this is based on a limited number of studies. Key areas requiring further study include (i) the role of aerosol transmission (either via large droplets or small particles in the vicinity of source patients), (ii) the role of environmental contamination and fomite transmission, (iii) the degree to which minimally or mildly ill persons transmit infection, (iv) how long clinically relevant infectiousness persists, (v) the role that “superspreading events” may play in driving transmission dynamics, (vi) whether strain differences or repeated serial passage in outbreak settings can impact virus transmission, and (vii) what role sylvatic or domestic animals could play in outbreak propagation, particularly during major epidemics such as the 2013–2015 West Africa situation. In this review, we address what we know and what we do not know about Ebola virus transmission. We also hypothesize that Ebola viruses have the potential to be respiratory pathogens with primary respiratory spread.