Brain susceptibility to oxidative stress in the perinatal period
Brain susceptibility to oxidative stress in the perinatal period
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DOI：
10.3109/14767058.2013.796170
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Buonocore, Giuseppe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Perrone, Serafina;Tataranno, Luisa M.;Buonocore, Giuseppe
氧化应激(OS)在所有新生儿出生时都会发生，这是由于从低氧的宫内环境过渡到宫外生活而引起的高氧挑战的结果。炎症、高氧、低氧、缺血再灌流、中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞活化、谷氨酸和游离铁释放等自由基来源均可增加围产期的OS。新生儿，特别是早产儿，抗氧化防御能力降低，无法抵消FRS的有害影响。能量代谢是生命的核心，因为细胞没有足够的三磷酸腺苷供应就不能生存。由于它的生长，哺乳动物的大脑可以被认为是一个稳态系统，在这个系统中，ATP的生产与ATP的利用相匹配。发育中的大脑对能量产生过程中的任何干扰都特别敏感，即使是短期的干扰也可能导致长期和不可逆转的损害。只要出现能量衰竭，就会发生脑损伤。越来越多的证据表明，OS参与了许多神经系统疾病的发生，如脑室出血、缺氧缺血性脑病、癫痫等。
Oxidative stress (OS) occurs at birth in all newborns as a consequence of the hyperoxic challenge due to the transition from the hypoxic intrauterine environment to extrauterine life. Free radical (FRs) sources such as inflammation, hyperoxia, hypoxia, ischaemia-reperfusion, neutrophil and macrophage activation, glutamate and free iron release, all increases the OS during the perinatal period. Newborns, and particularly preterm infants, have reduced antioxidant defences and are not able to counteract the harmful effects of FRs. Energy metabolism is central to life because cells cannot exist without an adequate supply of ATP. Due to its growth, the mammalian brain can be considered as a steady-state system in which ATP production matches ATP utilisation. The developing brain is particularly sensitive to any disturbances in energy generation, and even a short-term interruption can lead to long-lasting and irreversible damage. Whenever energy failure develops, brain damage can occur. Accumulating evidence indicates that OS is implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases, such as intraventricular haemorrhage, hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and epilepsy.