Imperial versus National Discourse: The Case of Russia
Imperial versus National Discourse: The Case of Russia
复制标题
帝国与民族话语：俄罗斯的案例
DOI：
10.1111/j.1354-5078.2000.00023.x
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
David G. Rowley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
David G. Rowley
.把“民族主义”一词应用于今天之前的俄罗斯是不准确和误导的。沙皇和苏联领导人都试图维持一个帝国，而不是一个民族国家，他们的民族意识是帝国的，而不是民族的。俄罗斯民族主义的缺乏对俄罗斯历史至关重要，因为它解释了沙皇俄国和苏联的失败。现代社会不可能成功地建立在帝国思维的基础上。俄罗斯民族主义的缺失对民族主义理论也具有重要意义。俄罗斯拥有的社会、政治和文化特征被各种各样的学者援引为民族主义的“原因”，但俄罗斯未能发展出一场民族主义运动。这表明，对现代民族主义至关重要的是一种特殊主义的、世俗的意识形态的出现，因为俄罗斯与欧洲最显著的不同之处在于俄罗斯对民族身份的普遍主义、宗教和帝国主义话语。
. It is inaccurate and misleading to apply the term ‘nationalism’ to Russia prior to the present day. Both Tsarist and Soviet leaders sought to maintain an empire and not a nation-state, and their national consciousness was imperial rather than national. The lack of Russian nationalism was crucial for Russian history since it explains the failure of both Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union. Modern societies cannot be successfully constructed upon the basis of imperial thinking. The absence of Russian nationalism also has significance for nationalism theory. Russia possessed the social, political and cultural characteristics that have been adduced as ‘causes’ of nationalism by a wide variety of scholars, yet Russia failed to develop a nationalist movement. This suggests that what is crucial to modem nationalism is the appearance of a particularist, secular ideology, since the most notable aspect in which Russia differed from Europe was Russia's universalistic, religious and imperialist discourse of national identity.