A genomic perspective on hybridization and speciation.
A genomic perspective on hybridization and speciation.
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.13557
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发表时间：
2016-06
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Rieseberg LH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Payseur BA;Rieseberg LH
不同谱系之间的杂交在自然界中很常见。基因组数据提供了一个特殊的机会来描述杂交的历史和物种形成的遗传基础。我们回顾现有的方法和实证研究，以确定杂交基因组学的最新进展，以及需要解决的问题。在发展检测杂交和推断个体祖先的方法方面取得了显著进展。然而，很少有方法重建的幅度和时间的基因流，估计适合的杂交或重组率的知识。经验研究表明，杂交的基因组后果是复杂的，包括高度异质性的分化景观。推断的杂交特性在物种群之间有很大差异。基因座显示不寻常的模式-这可能有助于生殖障碍-通常分散在整个基因组中，具有潜在的富集性染色体和重组减少的区域。我们警告说，在基因组的汇总统计中，越来越多的趋势是将基因组变异解释为差异基因流的证据。我们认为，将基因组模式转化为有用的杂交推断，最终需要的模型和方法，直接纳入物种形成的关键成分，包括基因流的动态性质，选择作用于杂交种群和重组率的变化。
Hybridization among diverging lineages is common in nature. Genomic data provide a special opportunity to characterize the history of hybridization and the genetic basis of speciation. We review existing methods and empirical studies to identify recent advances in the genomics of hybridization, as well as issues that need to be addressed. Notable progress has been made in the development of methods for detecting hybridization and inferring individual ancestries. However, few approaches reconstruct the magnitude and timing of gene flow, estimate the fitness of hybrids or incorporate knowledge of recombination rate. Empirical studies indicate that the genomic consequences of hybridization are complex, including a highly heterogeneous landscape of differentiation. Inferred characteristics of hybridization differ substantially among species groups. Loci showing unusual patterns – which may contribute to reproductive barriers – are usually scattered throughout the genome, with potential enrichment in sex chromosomes and regions of reduced recombination. We caution against the growing trend of interpreting genomic variation in summary statistics across genomes as evidence of differential gene flow. We argue that converting genomic patterns into useful inferences about hybridization will ultimately require models and methods that directly incorporate key ingredients of speciation, including the dynamic nature of gene flow, selection acting in hybrid populations and recombination rate variation.