Mood and Personality Characteristics are Associated with Metamemory Knowledge Accuracy in a Community-Based Cohort of Older Adults.
Mood and Personality Characteristics are Associated with Metamemory Knowledge Accuracy in a Community-Based Cohort of Older Adults.
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DOI：
10.1017/s1355617717001345
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发表时间：
2018-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Cosentino S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Colvin LE;Malgaroli M;Chapman S;MacKay-Brandt A;Cosentino S
新兴的工作揭示了损害元认知的神经解剖学变化;然而，对发病前因素的影响知之甚少。研究表明，心理变量影响认知的感知，但它们是否影响这些感知的准确性（即，元认知）没有被直接检验。利用潜在类别分析（LCA），我们测试了离散人格（NEOFFI）和情绪（STAI，BDI-II和GDS）类之间的社区为基础的队列的151名老年人，参加了NKI-Rockland研究。通过比较主观记忆评级（改良的认知失败问卷）和客观记忆（雷伊听觉言语学习测试）来计算元记忆，以确定个体在自我评估中过度自信、自信不足或准确的程度。一般线性模型（GLM）被用来检查元记忆是否不同的新兴类。采用单样本t检验来确定元记忆得分是否在统计学上显著不同于零，即过度或不足自信。LCA中出现了两个独立的类别：第1类的主要特征是高外向性和外向性，低神经质和焦虑;第2类的主要特征是低外向性和外向性，高神经质和焦虑。作为班级成员的函数，元记忆存在显著差异（F（4，151）= 5.42，p <0.001），1班表现出准确的元记忆（M = 0.21，SD = 1.31），2班表现出对记忆的不自信（M =-0.59，SD = 1.39）。心理因素和元记忆知识准确性之间的显着关联表明，这些特征可能是重要的元认知障碍的概念化，评估和治疗中考虑。
Emerging work reveals the neuroanatomic changes that compromise metacognition; however, little is known about the impact of premorbid factors. Research suggests that psychological variables influence the perception of cognition, but whether they influence the accuracy of those perceptions (i.e., metacognition) has not been directly examined. Utilizing Latent Class Analysis (LCA), we tested for discrete personality (NEOFFI) and mood (STAI, BDI-II, and GDS) classes among a community-based cohort of 151 older adults, enrolled in the NKI-Rockland study. Metamemory was calculated by comparing subjective memory ratings (modified Cognitive Failures Questionnaire) to objective memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) to determine the degree to which individuals were overconfident, underconfident, or accurate in their self-assessment. General Linear Modeling (GLM) was used to examine whether metamemory differed across the emergent classes. A one sample t-test was used to determine whether the metamemory scores of the emergent classes were statistically significantly different from zero, i.e. over or under confident. Two discrete classes emerged in the LCA: Class 1 was characterized predominantly by high extraversion and conscientiousness and low neuroticism and anxiety; Class 2 was characterized predominantly by low extraversion and conscientiousness and high neuroticism and anxiety. Metamemory differed significantly as a function of Class Membership (F (4,151) = 5.42, p < .001), with Class 1 demonstrating accurate metamemory (M = 0.21, SD = 1.31) and Class 2 demonstrating under-confidence (M = −0.59, SD = 1.39) in their memory. The significant association between psychological factors and metamemory knowledge accuracy suggests that such characteristics may be important to consider in the conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of metacognitive disturbances.