WATER, ENDANGERED FISHES, AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES IN ARID LANDS OF MEXICO
WATER, ENDANGERED FISHES, AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES IN ARID LANDS OF MEXICO
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08020379.x
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发表时间：
1994-06-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
LOZANO, ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CONTRERAS, S;LOZANO, ML
墨西哥近一半地区是半干旱或半干旱地区，水资源稀缺。该地区至少有92口泉水和2500公里长的河流干涸，地表水减少，潜水下沉更深，导致索诺拉的咸水入侵和农业水井盐碱化，扭转了科马卡拉盖内拉的潜水循环，使砷进入农业水域，并威胁到大都市托雷恩。该地区有近200种淡水鱼，其中120种受到某种威胁，15种因人类影响而灭绝。截至1985年，平均有68%的物种在当地鱼类动物群中被根除。最后，北里奥布拉沃德尔河下游的盐碱化已经取代了淡水或微咸水中的32种本地鱼类，其中54种主要是海洋或高度耐盐物种；盐碱化威胁到所有水的使用。一些海洋鱼类向上游入侵长达400公里。污染很严重，已经有鱼类死亡的报道。这些低质量和稀缺的水构成了蒙特雷等城市的未来资源，蒙特雷及其边境孪生城市预计到2010年人口将翻一番。迫切需要重新设计区域发展，以符合水资源的实际可获得性。所有用水应等于或低于较低的补给平均水平；流域综合管理的规范应以高效、休养生息、循环利用和再利用为标准。减少污染和加强对剩余水的处理也是必要的。鉴于对通过北美自由贸易协定、边境综合环境计划、工业扩张以及墨西哥北部边境地带的现代化和国际化实现发展的期望，创新的环境愿景尤其重要。所有这些都与墨西哥法案最近颁布的物种保护高级先验法令相冲突，该法案成立了国家生物多样性知识和利用委员会。
Nearly half of Mexico is and or semiarid, with scarce waters. At least 92 springs and 2500 km of river have dried in this area Surface waters have diminished, and phreatic waters are sinking deeper, provoking intrusion of saline waters and salinization of agricultural wells in Sonora, reversing phreatic circulation in the Comarca Laguenera, allowing arrival of arsenic to agricultural waters, and threatening metropolitan Torreon. There are nearly 200 species of freshwater fishes in this region, 120 under some threat, 15 extinct through human impact. As of 1985, an average of 68% of species was eradicated in local fish faunas. Finally, salinization of the lower Rio Bravo del Norte has replaced 32 native fish of fresh or slightly brackish water with 54 mainly marine or highly salt-tolerant species; the salinization threatens all uses of water. Some marine fishes invade up to 400 km upstream. Pollution is strong, and fish kills have been reported. These low-quality and scarce waters comprise future resources for cities such as Monterrey, which, along with its border twin cities, is expected to double its human population by 2010. Redesign of regional development is urgently needed, in keeping with the real availability of water. All water use should be equal to or less than lower recharge averages; norms of integral basin management should rely on criteria of high-use efficiency, recuperation, recycling, and reutilization. Also necessary are reduced pollution and increased treatment of residual waters. Innovative environmental vision is especially essential in light of expectations for development through the North American Free Trade Agreement, the Border Integral Environmental Plan, industrial expansion, and the modernization and internationalization of the northern Mexican border belt. These all conflict with the high priori recently decreed for species conservation by the Mexican Act, creating the National Committee on Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity.