Everybody stacks: Lessons from household energy case studies to inform design principles for clean energy transitions
Everybody stacks: Lessons from household energy case studies to inform design principles for clean energy transitions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111468
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Rosenthal, Joshua P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shankar, Anita, V;Quinn, Ashlinn K.;Rosenthal, Joshua P.
炉灶堆叠(同时使用多个炉灶和/或燃料)在正在努力将家庭能源过渡到更清洁的选择的地区，是一种量化很差的做法。使用燃烧生物质的炉灶与清洁炉灶一起使用，会破坏健康和环境目标。这篇综述综合了从11个案例研究中收集的炉灶堆放数据，这些案例研究了低收入和中等收入国家的清洁烹饪项目。分析的数据来自政府部门和计划的记录、研究和线人访谈。主题分析确定了每个环境中炉具堆放行为的关键驱动因素。在所有情况下，都观察到传统烹饪方法的显著堆积(28%-100%)。使用传统燃料的原因包括：清洁燃料的成本；烹饪技术与家庭需求之间的不匹配；以及不可靠的燃料供应。全国性的家庭调查通常集中在“主要”炉灶和缺少炉灶堆放数据上。因此，应更加注意停止使用传统炉灶，而不是仅仅采用更清洁的炉灶/燃料。未来的能源政策和计划应该承认堆放的现实，并在设计阶段纳入战略，以摆脱污染炉灶/燃料。提出了清洁烹饪项目设计和政策的七项原则，重点是向“更清洁的堆放”转变，以使家庭空气污染减少达到世界卫生组织的目标。
Stove stacking (concurrent use of multiple stoves and/or fuels) is a poorly quantified practice in regions with ongoing efforts to transition household energy to cleaner options. Using biomass-burning stoves alongside clean stoves undermines health and environmental goals. This review synthesizes stove stacking data gathered from eleven case studies of clean cooking programs in low- and middle-income country settings. Analyzed data are from ministry and program records, research studies, and informant interviews. Thematic analysis identifiedy key drivers of stove stacking behavior in each setting. Significant (28%-100%) stacking with traditional cooking methods was observed in all cases. Reasons for traditional fuel use included: costs of clean fuel; mismatches between cooking technologies and household needs; and unreliable fuel supply. National household surveys often focus on 'primary' cookstoves and miss stove stacking data. Thus more attention should be paid to discontinuation of traditional stove use, not solely adoption of cleaner stoves/fuels. Future energy policies and programs should acknowledge the realities of stacking and incorporate strategies at the design stage to transition away from polluting stoves/fuels. Seven principles for clean cooking program design and policy are presented, focused on a shift toward "cleaner stacking' that could yield household air pollution reductions approaching WHO targets.