Design Considerations of Sub-mW Indoor Light Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensor Systems
Design Considerations of Sub-mW Indoor Light Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensor Systems
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DOI：
10.1145/1773814.1773817
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
O'Mathuna, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, W. S.;O'Donnell, T.;O'Mathuna, C.
对于大多数无线传感器网络，一个共同的和主要的瓶颈是有限的电池寿命。与电池更换相关的频繁维护工作显著增加了系统的运营和物流成本。节点上未被注意的电源故障将降低系统的可靠性，并可能导致系统故障。在建筑物管理应用中，为了解决这个问题，室内光能等小型能源有望为这些分布式无线传感器节点提供长期电力。本文为建筑物管理应用的室内光能收集系统提供了全面的设计考虑。介绍了光伏电池的特性、储能单元、电源管理电路设计以及目标节点的功耗模式。最大功率点跟踪电路提出了显着增加从太阳能电池获得的功率。新型快速充电电路缩短了充电时间。然后成功地建造了一个原型，并在各种室内光线条件下进行了测试，以发现设计的实际问题。评估结果表明，所提出的原型增加了30%的光伏电池的功率收获，也加快了34%的充电速率在一个典型的室内照明条件。通过完全消除作为能量存储的可充电电池，所提出的系统将预期10-20年的操作寿命，而不是当前的不到6个月的电池寿命。
For most wireless sensor networks, one common and major bottleneck is the limited battery lifetime. The frequent maintenance efforts associated with battery replacement significantly increase the system operational and logistics cost. Unnoticed power failures on nodes will degrade the system reliability and may lead to system failure. In building management applications, to solve this problem, small energy sources such as indoor light energy are promising to provide long-term power to these distributed wireless sensor nodes. This article provides comprehensive design considerations for an indoor light energy harvesting system for building management applications. Photovoltaic cells characteristics, energy storage units, power management circuit design, and power consumption pattern of the target mote are presented. Maximum power point tracking circuits are proposed which significantly increase the power obtained from the solar cells. The novel fast charge circuit reduces the charging time. A prototype was then successfully built and tested in various indoor light conditions to discover the practical issues of the design. The evaluation results show that the proposed prototype increases the power harvested from the PV cells by 30% and also accelerates the charging rate by 34% in a typical indoor lighting condition. By entirely eliminating the rechargeable battery as energy storage, the proposed system would expect an operational lifetime 10-20 years instead of the current less than 6 months battery lifetime.