Axl-dependent signalling: a clinical update.
Axl-dependent signalling: a clinical update.
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依赖AXL的信号传导：临床更新。
DOI：
10.1042/cs20110411
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发表时间：
2012-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Korshunov VA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Korshunov VA
Axl是最初从癌细胞克隆的受体酪氨酸激酶。Axl属于受体酪氨酸激酶的TAM（Tyro3、Axl和Mertk）家族。生长停滞特异性基因6（Gas6）是Axl的配体。Axl的激活保护细胞免于凋亡，通过多个下游途径增加迁移、聚集和生长。与正常生理学相比，Gas6/Axl途径的上调在病理学中更明显。本文综述了Axl受体生物学的最新进展。重点是翻译方面的Axl依赖信号在病理条件下。特别地，Axl的抑制减少肿瘤发生并且也防止转移。Axl依赖性信号对心血管疾病的进展很重要。相比之下，先天免疫细胞中Axl的缺陷有助于自身免疫性疾病的发病机制。Axl生物学中的当前挑战涉及Axl与TAM家族的其他成员或其他酪氨酸激酶的功能性相互作用、配体非依赖性活化的机制、受体的失活以及慢性疾病中的细胞与细胞相互作用（相对于免疫细胞）。
Axl is a receptor tyrosine kinase that was originally cloned from cancer cells. Axl belongs to a TAM (Tyro3, Axl and Mertk) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Growth arrest specific gene 6 (Gas6) is a ligand for Axl. Activation of Axl protects cells from apoptosis, increases migration, aggregation and growth through multiple downstream pathways. Upregulation of Gas6/Axl pathway is more evident in pathology compared to normal physiology. Recent advances in Axl receptor biology are summarized here. The emphasis is given to translational aspects of Axl-dependent signaling under pathological conditions. In particular, inhibition of Axl reduces tumorigenesis and prevents metastasis as well. Axl-dependent signals are important for progression of cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, deficiency in Axl in innate immune cells contributes to pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Current challenges in Axl biology are related to functional interactions of Axl with other members of the TAM family or other tyrosine kinases, mechanisms of ligand-independent activation, inactivation of the receptor, and cell-to-cell interactions (with respect to immune cells) in chronic diseases.