Simple mechanosense and response of cilia motion reveal the intrinsic habits of ciliates.
Simple mechanosense and response of cilia motion reveal the intrinsic habits of ciliates.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1718294115
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发表时间：
2018-03-27
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Ichikawa M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ohmura T;Nishigami Y;Taniguchi A;Nonaka S;Manabe J;Ishikawa T;Ichikawa M
单细胞微生物在生态系统中很重要，它们的行为影响着地球的环境。为了在恶劣的环境中生存，这些生物经常表现得像是在行使自由裁量权。他们是如何实现这种智能行为的？在这项工作中，我们专注于纤毛虫在固体/流体界面上的积累，在那里它们可以获得足够的营养和稳定的环境。这种现象在微型游泳者的标准流体力学中没有描述。我们的实验和模拟表明，简单的原则，各向异性的形状的细胞和mechanosensing性质的纤毛，诱导纤毛在固体/流体界面上的积累。我们的工作的贡献是，一个简单的细胞器和流体动力学的反应解释了纤毛虫的明显聪明的行为。通过实验和流体动力学模拟揭示了纤毛虫的一个重要习性，即对壁的行为偏好。单个纤毛跳动的简单机械响应（即，通过纤毛接触壁而停止跳动）可以单独决定纤毛沿着壁的滑动运动并导致壁偏好行为。考虑到纤毛虫的行为学，这种机械感应系统可能是单细胞定位营养的能力的优势。也就是说，纤毛虫可以根据单一的“游动”使命，巧妙地利用滑动运动在一个表面上觅食，也可以利用在大量水中的游动运动找到新的表面。
Single-celled microorganisms are important in ecosystems, and their behaviors impact the Earth’s environments. To survive in harsh environments, these organisms frequently act as though exercising discretion. How do they achieve such intelligent behaviors? In this work, we focused on the accumulation of ciliates on solid/fluid interfaces, where they can obtain sufficient nutrients and a stable environment. This phenomenon is not described in the standard hydrodynamics of microswimmers. Our experiment and simulation revealed that simple principles, the anisotropic shape of the cell and the mechanosensing nature of cilia, induce the accumulation of ciliates on solid/fluid interfaces. The contribution of our work is that a simple response of the cellular apparatus and fluid dynamics explain the apparently clever behavior of ciliates. An important habit of ciliates, namely, their behavioral preference for walls, is revealed through experiments and hydrodynamic simulations. A simple mechanical response of individual ciliary beating (i.e., the beating is stalled by the cilium contacting a wall) can solely determine the sliding motion of the ciliate along the wall and result in a wall-preferring behavior. Considering ciliate ethology, this mechanosensing system is likely an advantage in the single cell’s ability to locate nutrition. In other words, ciliates can skillfully use both the sliding motion to feed on a surface and the traveling motion in bulk water to locate new surfaces according to the single “swimming” mission.
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