Remembering the past: two facets of episodic memory explored with positron emission tomography.
Remembering the past: two facets of episodic memory explored with positron emission tomography.
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DOI：
10.1176/ajp.152.11.1576
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发表时间：
1995-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Andreasen;D. O'Leary;T. Cizadlo;S. Arndt;K. Rezai;G. Watkins;L. Ponto;R. Hichwa
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文献类型：
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作者：
N. Andreasen;D. O'Leary;T. Cizadlo;S. Arndt;K. Rezai;G. Watkins;L. Ponto;R. Hichwa
目的本研究使用正电子发射断层扫描检查两种用于精神病评估的个人记忆：集中情景记忆（回忆过去的经验，用于“记录历史”）和随机情景记忆（未经审查的经验思考，在使用自由联想的分析治疗期间检查）。为了比较，第三个记忆任务被用来挖掘代表关于世界的一般信息的非个人记忆（“语义记忆”）。方法采用[15 O]H2O法对13名受试者进行脑血流定量测量。减去这三个条件，并检查它们的相对关系。结果随机情景条件下，广泛分布的联合皮层（右，左额叶，顶叶，角/缘上，后下颞区）产生激活。集中情景记忆涉及一个网络，包括内侧下额叶区，楔前叶/后扣带回，前扣带回，丘脑和小脑。使用内侧额叶区域和楔前叶/压后扣带回是常见的集中和随机情景记忆。语义记忆和情景记忆的主要区别是语义记忆激活了布罗卡区和左额盖。结论：这些结果表明，自由范围的心理活动（随机情景记忆）产生大的激活，在联合皮层，并可能反映了积极检索过去的经验和未来的经验规划。聚焦情景记忆共享这个回路的一些组件（下额叶和楔前叶），这可能反映了情景记忆两个方面的时间相关组件，并允许人类体验个人身份，意识和自我意识。
OBJECTIVE This study used positron emission tomography to examine two kinds of personal memory that are used in psychiatric evaluation: focused episodic memory (recall of past experience, employed in "taking a history") and random episodic memory (uncensored thinking about experience, examined during analytic therapy using free association). For comparison, a third memory task was used to tap impersonal memory that represents general information about the world ("semantic memory"). METHOD Thirteen subjects were studied using the [15O]H2O method to obtain quantitative measurements of cerebral blood flow. The three conditions were subtracted and their relative relationships examined. RESULTS The random episodic condition produced activations in widely distributed association cortex (right and left frontal, parietal, angular/supramarginal, and posterior inferior temporal regions). Focused episodic memory engaged a network that included the medial inferior frontal regions, precuneus/retrosplenial cingulate, anterior cingulate, thalamus, and cerebellum. The use of medial frontal regions and the precuneus/retrosplenial cingulate was common to both focused and random episodic memory. The major difference between semantic and episodic memory was activation of Broca's area and the left frontal operculum by semantic memory. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that free-ranging mental activity (random episodic memory) produces large activations in association cortex and may reflect both active retrieval of past experiences and planning of future experiences. Focused episodic memory shares some components of this circuit (inferior frontal and precuneus), which may reflect the time-linked components of both aspects of episodic memory, and which permit human beings to experience personal identity, consciousness, and self-awareness.