Engineering an effective three-spin Hamiltonian in trapped-ion systems for applications in quantum simulation
Engineering an effective three-spin Hamiltonian in trapped-ion systems for applications in quantum simulation
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DOI：
10.1088/2058-9565/ac5f5b
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发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Bárbara Andrade;Z. Davoudi;T. Grass;M. Hafezi;G. Pagano;Alireza Seif
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bárbara Andrade;Z. Davoudi;T. Grass;M. Hafezi;G. Pagano;Alireza Seif
模拟和数字两种模式的囚禁离子量子模拟器被认为是在量子模拟和量子计算中实现量子优势的主要候选者。离子-激光相互作用的基本控制通过CIRAC-Zoller或Mølmer-Sørensen方案的集体运动模式诱导所有对所有的双自旋相互作用，从而产生有效的双自旋哈密顿量以及两量子比特纠缠门。在这项工作中，扩展了Mølmer-Sørensen方案，通过定制的一阶和二阶自旋运动耦合来诱导三自旋相互作用。该方案能够设计单自旋、双自旋和三自旋相互作用，并可以通过增强的协议进行调整，以模拟纯粹的三自旋动力学。文中给出了有效演化的分析结果，并对整个动力学过程进行了详细的数值模拟，以支持所提出的方案在近期应用的准确性和可行性。以量子链接模型中U(1)格点规范理论中的物质-规范相互作用为例，说明了三自旋动力学的直接模拟实现的优越性。详细介绍了自由度的映射和将三自旋方案扩展到更大系统的策略，并讨论了在即将到来的实验中假设真实保真度的情况下对量子链接模型进行模拟的预期结果。三自旋方案的应用超越了这里研究的格点规范理论的例子，包括研究由两个和三个自旋哈密顿量模拟的强相互作用凝聚态系统的静态和动态相图。
Trapped-ion quantum simulators, in analog and digital modes, are considered a primary candidate to achieve quantum advantage in quantum simulation and quantum computation. The underlying controlled ion–laser interactions induce all-to-all two-spin interactions via the collective modes of motion through Cirac–Zoller or Mølmer–Sørensen schemes, leading to effective two-spin Hamiltonians, as well as two-qubit entangling gates. In this work, the Mølmer–Sørensen scheme is extended to induce three-spin interactions via tailored first- and second-order spin–motion couplings. The scheme enables engineering single-, two-, and three-spin interactions, and can be tuned via an enhanced protocol to simulate purely three-spin dynamics. Analytical results for the effective evolution are presented, along with detailed numerical simulations of the full dynamics to support the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed scheme for near-term applications. With a focus on quantum simulation, the advantage of a direct analog implementation of three-spin dynamics is demonstrated via the example of matter-gauge interactions in the U(1) lattice gauge theory within the quantum link model. The mapping of degrees of freedom and strategies for scaling the three-spin scheme to larger systems, are detailed, along with a discussion of the expected outcome of the simulation of the quantum link model given realistic fidelities in the upcoming experiments. The applications of the three-spin scheme go beyond the lattice gauge theory example studied here and include studies of static and dynamical phase diagrams of strongly interacting condensed-matter systems modeled by two- and three-spin Hamiltonians.