Prevalence of Diabetes by Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 2011-2016
Prevalence of Diabetes by Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 2011-2016
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.2019.19365
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发表时间：
2019-12-24
影响因子：
120.7
通讯作者：
Imperatore, Giuseppina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cheng, Yiling J.;Kanaya, Alka M.;Imperatore, Giuseppina
重要的是，美国西班牙裔和亚裔美国人亚群中糖尿病的患病率是未知的。主题是估计糖尿病患病率的种族/族裔差异，在美国成年人中被主要种族/族裔群体和非族裔和非西班牙裔和非西班牙裔种族和非族裔组成亚洲亚群。设计，环境和参与者国家健康与营养考试调查，2011- 2016年，代表非机构化的平民，美国人口的横断面样本。样本包括在访谈期间自我报告诊断为诊断糖尿病的成年人或血红蛋白A（1C）（1C）（HBA（1C）），禁食血浆葡萄糖（FPG）和2小时血浆葡萄糖（2HPG）。曝光种族/民族群体：非西班牙裔白人，非西班牙裔黑人，西班牙裔和西班牙裔亚组（墨西哥，波多黎各，古巴/多米尼加，中美洲和南美），非西班牙裔亚洲和非西班牙裔亚洲亚洲亚组（东，南，南亚和东南亚）以及非西班牙裔其他。是基于自我报告的先前诊断。未诊断的糖尿病定义为HBA1C 6.5％或更高，FPG 126 mg/dL或更高，或2hpg 200 mg/dl或更高的参与者，没有诊断为糖尿病。总糖尿病被定义为被诊断或未诊断的糖尿病。研究样本包括7575名美国成年人（平均年龄为47.5岁； 52％妇女； 2866 [65％]非西班牙裔白色，1636年，1636年[11％]非西班牙裔黑人，1952年，1952年[15％]西班牙裔，909 [6％]非西班牙裔亚洲人和212 [3％]非西班牙裔其他）。共有2266个人已诊断出糖尿病； 377患有未诊断的糖尿病。非西班牙裔白人的加权年龄和性调整的患病率为12.1％（95％CI，11.0％-13.4％），非西班牙裔黑人黑色，20.4％（95％CI，18.8％-22.1％）西班牙裔22.1％（95％CI，19.6％-24.7％）和19.1％（95％非西班牙裔亚洲成年人的CI，16.0％-22.1％）（总体p <.001）。在西班牙裔成年人中，墨西哥的总糖尿病患病率为24.6％（95％CI，21.6％-27.6％），波多黎各Rican的21.7％（95％CI，14.6％-28.8％），20.5％（95％CI，CI，CI，CI，95％）古巴/多米尼加人为13.7％-27.3％），19.3％（95％CI，中美洲为12.4％-26.1％），南美亚组为12.3％（95％CI，8.5％-16.2％）（总体p <.001）。在非西班牙裔亚洲成年人中，东亚总糖尿病的患病率为14.0％（95％CI，9.5％-18.4％），南亚为23.3％（95％CI，15.6％-30.9％）和22.4％ （95％CI，15.9％-28.9％）东南亚亚组（总p = .02）。非西班牙裔白色的未诊断糖尿病患病率为3.9％（95％CI，3.0％-4.8％），非西班牙裔黑人的患病率为5.2％（95％CI，3.9％-6.4％），7.5％（95％CI）西班牙裔为5.9％-9.1％），为7.5％（95％CI，4.9％-10.0％）非西班牙裔亚洲成年人（总体p <.001）。在2011年至2016年对美国成年人的全国代表性调查中，糖尿病的患病率和未诊断的糖尿病的患病率随种族/族裔以及在西班牙和非西班牙和非西班牙和非族裔和非族裔和非种族而变化的差异 - 希斯方亚洲人群。
IMPORTANCE The prevalence of diabetes among Hispanic and Asian American subpopulations in the United States is unknown.OBJECTIVE To estimate racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of diabetes among US adults 20 years or older by major race/ethnicity groups and selected Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian subpopulations.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2011-2016, cross-sectional samples representing the noninstitutionalized, civilian, US population. The sample included adults 20 years or older who had self-reported diagnosed diabetes during the interview or measurements of hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG).EXPOSURES Race/ethnicity groups: non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic and Hispanic subgroups (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban/Dominican, Central American, and South American), non-Hispanic Asian and non-Hispanic Asian subgroups (East, South, and Southeast Asian), and non-Hispanic other.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Diagnosed diabetes was based on self-reported prior diagnosis. Undiagnosed diabetes was defined as HbA1c 6.5% or greater, FPG 126 mg/dL or greater, or 2hPG 200 mg/dL or greater in participants without diagnosed diabetes. Total diabetes was defined as diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes.RESULTS The study sample included 7575 US adults (mean age, 47.5 years; 52% women; 2866 [65%] non-Hispanic white, 1636 [11%] non-Hispanic black, 1952 [15%] Hispanic, 909 [6%] non-Hispanic Asian, and 212 [3%] non-Hispanic other). A total of 2266 individuals had diagnosed diabetes; 377 had undiagnosed diabetes. Weighted age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of total diabetes was 12.1% (95% CI, 11.0%-13.4%) for non-Hispanic white, 20.4% (95% CI, 18.8%-22.1%) for non-Hispanic black, 22.1% (95% CI, 19.6%-24.7%) for Hispanic, and 19.1%(95% CI, 16.0%-22.1%) for non-Hispanic Asian adults (overall P < .001). Among Hispanic adults, the prevalence of total diabetes was 24.6%(95% CI, 21.6%-27.6%) for Mexican, 21.7%(95% CI, 14.6%-28.8%) for Puerto Rican, 20.5%(95% CI, 13.7%-27.3%) for Cuban/Dominican, 19.3%(95% CI, 12.4%-26.1%) for Central American, and 12.3%(95% CI, 8.5%-16.2%) for South American subgroups (overall P < .001). Among non-Hispanic Asian adults, the prevalence of total diabetes was 14.0%(95% CI, 9.5%-18.4%) for East Asian, 23.3%(95% CI, 15.6%-30.9%) for South Asian, and 22.4%(95% CI, 15.9%-28.9%) for Southeast Asian subgroups (overall P = .02). The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 3.9% (95% CI, 3.0%-4.8%) for non-Hispanic white, 5.2%(95% CI, 3.9%-6.4%) for non-Hispanic black, 7.5%(95% CI, 5.9%-9.1%) for Hispanic, and 7.5%(95% CI, 4.9%-10.0%) for non-Hispanic Asian adults (overall P < .001).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this nationally representative survey of US adults from 2011 to 2016, the prevalence of diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes varied by race/ethnicity and among subgroups identified within the Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian populations.