Birds, feather-degrading bacteria and preen glands: the antimicrobial activity of preen gland secretions from turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) is amplified by keratinase
Birds, feather-degrading bacteria and preen glands: the antimicrobial activity of preen gland secretions from turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) is amplified by keratinase
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DOI：
10.1093/femsec/fiy117
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Wink, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Braun, Markus Santhosh;Sporer, Frank;Wink, Michael
关于臀部腺体的功能一直备受争议。本研究采用扩散试验、肉汤微量稀释法、棋盘格试验和时间-杀灭曲线等方法，研究了火鸡(Meleagris Gallopavo)的生殖腺分泌物对18株微生物的抑菌效果。此外，我们还验证了脂类对病原体具有直接抗菌作用的假设。此外，我们还检查了公鸡腺细菌尾端棒状杆菌与其宿主之间的互惠关系。我们发现，蜂鸣腺分泌物显著抑制了广泛的细菌和真菌的生长，特别是当与角蛋白酶结合时。联合用药以一种强烈的协同作用有效地杀死了多药耐药微生物。由于羽毛降解微生物(Fdm)表达角蛋白酶，从而破坏羽毛的完整性，我们的数据表明，在fdm的存在下，火鸡的羽毛腺分泌物被特异性地激活，并特异性地从羽毛中消除fdm。然而，抗菌作用并非来源于脂类，而是由可能是抗菌肽(AMPs)的高极性化合物所介导。最后，尾炎沙门氏菌显然不参与火鸡生殖腺分泌物的抗菌活性。综上所述，我们的结果表明，火鸡可以通过放大其前腺体分泌物的抗微生物特性来拮抗fdm。
The function of uropygial glands (preen glands) has been subject to controversial debates. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial potential of preen gland secretions of turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) against 18 microbial strains by means of diffusion tests, broth microdilutions, checkerboard assays and time-kill curves. Furthermore, we tested the hypothesis that lipids exert direct antimicrobial effects on pathogens. Moreover, we checked for mutualistic relationships between the preen gland bacterium Corynebacterium uropygiale with its hosts. We found that preen gland secretions significantly inhibited the growth of a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi, particularly when combined with keratinase. Combinations effectively killed multidrug resistant microorganisms in a strongly synergistic manner. Since feather-degrading microorganisms (FDM) express keratinase and thereby disrupt the integrity of the plumage, our data suggests that preen gland secretions of turkeys are specifically activated in the presence of FDM, and specifically eliminate FDM from feathers. However, antimicrobial effects did not originate from lipids, but were mediated by highly polar compounds which might be antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Finally, C. uropygiale is apparently not involved in the antimicrobial activity of preen gland secretions of turkeys. In conclusion, our results suggest that turkeys can antagonize FDM by amplifying the antimicrobial properties of their preen gland secretions.