Exergame and Balance Training Modulate Prefrontal Brain Activity during Walking and Enhance Executive Function in Older Adults.
Exergame and Balance Training Modulate Prefrontal Brain Activity during Walking and Enhance Executive Function in Older Adults.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnagi.2016.00066
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
de Bruin ED
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eggenberger P;Wolf M;Schumann M;de Bruin ED
不同类型的运动训练有可能诱导老年人大脑结构和功能的可塑性。因此，在功能性磁共振成像研究中，在认知任务期间观察到功能性脑适应，其与改善的认知表现相关。本研究旨在探讨运动训练是否能诱导运动员在挑战性跑步机行走过程中的脑功能可塑性，以及与此相关的认知执行功能的变化。招募了42名老年参与者，并随机分配到交互式认知运动视频游戏舞蹈（DANCE）或平衡和拉伸训练（BALANCE）。为期8周的干预包括每周三次30分钟的课程，共有33名参与者（平均年龄74.9 ± 6.9岁）完成。采用功能性近红外光谱法对干预前后的前额叶皮层（PFC）活动进行评估。此外，执行功能，包括转移，抑制和工作记忆进行了评估。结果显示，两种干预措施均显著降低了加速行走过程中左右半球PFC的氧合（p < 0.05或趋势，r = 0.25-0.36），而在30秒行走任务结束时，DANCE组左PFC的氧合降低幅度大于BALANCE组[F（1，31）= 3.54，p = 0.035，r = 0.32]。这些运动训练诱导的PFC氧合调节与执行功能的改善相关（p < 0.05或趋势，r = 0.31-0.50）。观察到的PFC活动减少可能会释放认知资源，将注意力集中在步行时的其他过程上，这可能与改善老年人的流动性和福尔斯预防有关。这项研究提供了更深入的了解运动训练，步行过程中的大脑功能和老年人的认知之间的关联。
Different types of exercise training have the potential to induce structural and functional brain plasticity in the elderly. Thereby, functional brain adaptations were observed during cognitive tasks in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies that correlated with improved cognitive performance. This study aimed to investigate if exercise training induces functional brain plasticity during challenging treadmill walking and elicits associated changes in cognitive executive functions. Forty-two elderly participants were recruited and randomly assigned to either interactive cognitive-motor video game dancing (DANCE) or balance and stretching training (BALANCE). The 8-week intervention included three sessions of 30 min per week and was completed by 33 participants (mean age 74.9 ± 6.9 years). Prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during preferred and fast walking speed on a treadmill was assessed applying functional near infrared spectroscopy pre- and post-intervention. Additionally, executive functions comprising shifting, inhibition, and working memory were assessed. The results showed that both interventions significantly reduced left and right hemispheric PFC oxygenation during the acceleration of walking (p < 0.05 or trend, r = 0.25–0.36), while DANCE showed a larger reduction at the end of the 30-s walking task compared to BALANCE in the left PFC [F(1, 31) = 3.54, p = 0.035, r = 0.32]. These exercise training induced modulations in PFC oxygenation correlated with improved executive functions (p < 0.05 or trend, r = 0.31–0.50). The observed reductions in PFC activity may release cognitive resources to focus attention on other processes while walking, which could be relevant to improve mobility and falls prevention in the elderly. This study provides a deeper understanding of the associations between exercise training, brain function during walking, and cognition in older adults.