Newcastle Disease Virus
Newcastle Disease Virus
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-0716-2463-0_1093
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发表时间：
2023-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Haddas, Ruth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Haddas, Ruth
新城疫病毒(NDV)是世界范围内禽类传染病发病率和死亡率的主要原因。它可以影响200多种鸟类，分布在世界各地。这种疾病可能会因病毒株、宿主类型、年龄和免疫状态而异。新城疫(ND)是世界动物卫生组织(OIE)列出的一种需要通报的疾病。2010年，全球有70个国家向世界动物卫生组织报告了新城疫[1]。自那时以来，许多国家遭受了疫情，一些国家，例如中东，被认为是地方性疾病。在美国，新城疫多年来一直被认为是一种罕见的疾病，但最近，2019年，加利福尼亚州在商业家禽和宠物鸟中诊断出许多病例(个人沟通，2019年)。新城疫是由副粘病毒科病毒引起的。副粘病毒科包括一些重要的人类和动物病原体，如麻疹病毒、腮腺炎病毒、牛瘟病毒、犬瘟热病毒和尼帕病毒[2]。副粘病毒科Averavirinae亚科的禽正病毒1型(AOAV-1)(以前称为APMV-1)或新城疫病毒(NDV)在世界范围内引起家禽的传染性疾病和死亡[3]。它是一种单链、非分段、负义、有包膜的RNA病毒。第一次新城疫暴发于1926年在印度尼西亚爪哇和英国泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔。道尔建议将“新城疫”作为由这些病毒引起的疫情的临时名称，随着时间的推移，新城疫已成为由强毒病毒引起的感染的实际名称。世界动物卫生组织将新城疫定义为“由符合以下毒力标准之一的1型副粘病毒引起的家禽感染：
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a major cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in poultry worldwide. It can affect over 200 species of birds with a worldwide distribution. The disease may vary according to the strain of virus, type of host, its age, and its immune status. Newcastle disease (ND) is a notifiable World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) listed diseases. In the year 2010, 70 countries around the world reported ND to the OIE [1]. Since then many countries have suffered outbreaks, and some, for example, in the Middle East, are considered endemic. In the USA, for years ND was considered an exotic disease, with rare outbreaks, but recently, in 2019, many cases were diagnosed in California in commercial poultry and pet birds (personal communication, 2019). ND is caused by a virus of the paramyxoviridae family. The paramyxoviridae family includes a number of important human and animal pathogens such as measles virus, mumps virus, rinderpest virus, canine distemper virus Nipah viruses [2]. Viruses of the genus Avian Orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1)(previously named APMV-1) within the subfamily Avulavirinae of the family Paramyxoviridae, commonly known as Avian Paramyxoviruses 1 (APMV-1) or NDV cause infectious morbidity and mortality in poultry worldwide [3]. It is a single stranded (ssRNA) nonsegmented, negative sense, enveloped RNA virus. The first outbreak of ND occurred in 1926 in Java Indonesia and in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. Doyle suggested “Newcastle disease” as a temporary name for outbreaks caused by these viruses and over the time ND has become the actual name for infections caused by virulent viruses. The World Organization for Animal Health defines ND as an “infection of poultry caused by a virus of avian Paramyxovirus serotype 1 that meets one of the following criteria for virulence: