Combating Antimicrobial Resistance: Policy Recommendations to Save Lives
Combating Antimicrobial Resistance: Policy Recommendations to Save Lives
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DOI：
10.1093/cid/cir153
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Gilbert, David N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guidos, Robert J.;Spellberg, Brad;Gilbert, David N.
抗生素耐药性被认为是全世界人类健康的最大威胁之一[1]。耐药性感染在美国和全球造成了惊人的损失。仅一种微生物，即耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA)，每年造成的美国人死亡人数 (∼ 19,000) 就比肺气肿、艾滋病毒/艾滋病、帕金森病和凶杀的总和还要多 [2]。每年有近 200 万美国人发生医院获得性感染 (HAI)，导致 99,000 人死亡 [3]，其中绝大多数是由抗菌（抗生素）耐药病原体造成的。事实上，2006 年，仅两种常见的 HAI（败血症和肺炎）就导致近 50,000 名美国人死亡，并使美国医疗保健系统损失超过 80 亿美元[4]。最近的一项调查显示，75个国家1000多个重症监护病房中约有一半患者遭受感染，感染患者在医院死亡的风险是未感染患者的两倍[5]。根据对抗生素耐药性病原体与抗生素敏感病原体引起的感染成本的研究[6-8]，美国医疗保健系统每年因抗生素耐药性感染造成的成本为 210 亿至 340 亿美元，额外住院时间超过 800 万天。
Antimicrobial resistance is recognized as one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide [1]. Drug-resistant infections take a staggering toll in the United States (US) and across the globe. Just one organism, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), kills more Americans every year (∼ 19,000) than emphysema, HIV/AIDS, Parkinson's disease, and homicide combined [2]. Almost 2 million Americans per year develop hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), resulting in 99,000 deaths [3], the vast majority of which are due to antibacterial (antibiotic)-resistant pathogens. Indeed, two common HAIs alone (sepsis and pneumonia) killed nearly 50,000 Americans and cost the US health care system more than $8 billion in 2006 [4]. In a recent survey, approximately half of patients in more than 1,000 intensive care units in 75 countries suffered from an infection, and infected patients had twice the risk of dying in the hospital as uninfected patients [5]. Based on studies of the costs of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens versus antibiotic-susceptible pathogens [6–8], the annual cost to the US health care system of antibiotic-resistant infections is $21 billion to $34 billion and more than 8 million additional hospital days.