Probing the mechanisms of extracellular vesicle biogenesis and function in cancer.
Probing the mechanisms of extracellular vesicle biogenesis and function in cancer.
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DOI：
10.1042/bst20180523
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发表时间：
2018-10-19
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Antonyak MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Latifkar A;Cerione RA;Antonyak MA
肿瘤细胞彼此相互作用，并与周围环境相互作用，使用各种机制来促进癌症进展的几乎所有方面。近年来已经引起癌症社区和制药工业相当大的关注的一种这样的细胞间通讯形式涉及癌细胞产生多种不同类型的非经典分泌囊泡（通常称为细胞外囊泡（EV））的能力。微泡（MV）代表EV的主要类别之一，并且是由于质膜的向外出芽和分裂而形成的。EV的另一个主要类别是外泌体，当多泡体（MVB）与细胞表面融合并将其内容物释放到细胞外空间时产生。MV和外来体都已被证明含有生物活性货物，包括蛋白质，代谢物，RNA转录物，micro-RNA和DNA，可以转移到其他癌细胞并刺激它们的生长，存活和迁移。然而，癌细胞衍生的EV在帮助重塑肿瘤微环境以支持肿瘤扩张和侵袭性活动、抑制免疫反应以及进入循环以帮助促进转移性扩散方面也发挥着重要作用。在这里，我们概述了目前已知的关于不同类别的EV如何产生并有助于各种癌细胞表型的情况。此外，我们强调了电动汽车的一些独特特性如何用于开发新的诊断和临床应用。
Tumor cells interact with each other, and their surroundings, using a variety of mechanisms to promote virtually all aspects of cancer progression. One such form of intercellular communication that has been attracting considerable attention from the cancer community and the pharmaceutical industry in recent years involves the ability of cancer cells to generate multiple distinct types of non-classical secretory vesicles, generally referred to as extracellular vesicles (EVs). Microvesicles (MVs) represent one of the major classes of EVs and are formed as a result of the outward budding and fission of the plasma membrane. The other main class of EVs is exosomes, which are generated when multivesicular bodies (MVBs) fuse with the cell surface and release their contents into the extracellular space. Both MVs and exosomes have been shown to contain bio-active cargo, including proteins, metabolites, RNA transcripts, micro-RNAs, and DNA that can be transferred to other cancer cells and stimulate their growth, survival, and migration. However, cancer cell-derived EVs also play important roles in helping re-shape the tumor microenvironment to support tumor expansion and invasive activity, dampen immune responses, as well as enter the circulation to help promote metastatic spread. Here, we provide an overview of what is currently known regarding how the different classes of EVs are generated and contribute to various cancer cell phenotypes. Moreover, we highlight how some of the unique properties of EVs are being used for the development of novel diagnostic and clinical applications.