Pricing externalities and moral behaviour
Pricing externalities and moral behaviour
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DOI：
10.1038/s41893-020-0554-1
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发表时间：
2020-06-29
影响因子：
27.6
通讯作者：
Edenhofer, Ottmar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ockenfels, Axel;Werner, Peter;Edenhofer, Ottmar
为了衡量道德行为如何与定价机制相互作用，我们进行了高度受控的实验，其中交易会产生污染。我们比较了间接定价（这里是总量管制和交易机制）和直接定价（税收），在一个同等的环境中，“生产者”被激励排放二氧化碳。“法官”决定可能限制社会有害活动的中央交易参数。利润最大化预测在没有监管的情况下，生产者的行为是相同的，但我们发现很大一部分生产者根本不排放CO（2）。尽管法官在各种机制中以类似的方式限制行为，但直接定价比数量政策更有效地适应道德行为，道德问题对市场决策至关重要，因为市场活动会产生污染排放等负外部性。通过对贸易造成污染的控制实验，这项研究表明，很大一部分生产者即使以放弃利润为代价也不会污染。
To measure how moral behaviour interacts with pricing regimes, we conduct highly controlled experiments in which trading creates pollution. We compare indirect pricing (here, a cap and trade mechanism) and direct pricing (a tax) in an otherwise equivalent setting in which 'producers' are incentivized to emit CO2. 'Judges' decide on central trading parameters that may restrict socially harmful activities. Profit maximization predicts the same producer behaviour in either setting in the absence of regulation, yet we find a substantial share of producers refraining from emitting CO(2)at all. Although judges restrict behaviour in similar ways across mechanisms, direct pricing more effectively accommodates moral behaviour than the quantity policy.Moral concerns matter for decisions in markets where activities generate negative externalities such as pollution emissions. With controlled experiments in which trading creates pollution, this study shows that a large portion of producers refrain from polluting even at the cost of forgoing profits.