Electrical Control of Cell Polarization in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Electrical Control of Cell Polarization in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2010.02.047
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发表时间：
2010-04-27
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Chang, Fred
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Minc, Nicolas;Chang, Fred
电信号围绕组织和细胞，并被认为参与发育、伤口愈合和宿主入侵等过程中的细胞极性引导[1,2]。外源电场（EF）的应用可以引导从细菌和真菌到神经元和中性粒细胞等细胞类型的细胞极化[3-7]。然而，EF 调节细胞极性的机制仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们引入裂殖酵母粟酒裂殖酵母作为模式生物来阐明这一过程的机制。在这些杆状细胞中，外源 EF 将细胞生长重新定向为与电场正交的方向，产生具有弯曲形态的细胞。候选遗传筛选确定了参与这一过程的保守因子：调节细胞内 pH 值的整合膜质子 ATP 酶 pma1p、小型 GTP 酶 cdc42p 和组装肌动蛋白电缆的 for3p。有趣的是，这些基因中的突变体仍然对 EF 做出反应，但朝向不同的方向，即朝向阳极。此外，EF 还引起细胞壁合酶复合体蛋白向阳极电泳运动。这些数据提出了 EF 如何通过调节细胞内 pH 值和在多个方向上引导细胞极性因子来重新定向细胞极化的分子模型。
Electric signals surround tissues and cells and have been proposed to participate in directing cell polarity in processes such as development, wound healing, and host invasion [1,2]. The application of exogenous electric fields (EFs) can direct cell polarization in cell types ranging from bacteria and fungi to neurons and neutrophils [3-7]. The mechanisms by which EFs modulate cell polarity, however, remain poorly understood. Here we introduce the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model organism to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this process. In these rod-shaped cells, an exogenous EF reorients cell growth in a direction orthogonal to the field, producing cells with a bent morphology. A candidate genetic screen identifies conserved factors involved in this process: an integral membrane proton ATPase pma1p that regulates intracellular pH, the small GTPase cdc42p, and the formin for3p that assembles actin cables. Interestingly, mutants in these genes still respond to the EF but orient in a different direction, toward the anode. In addition, EFs also cause electrophoretic movement of cell wall synthase complex proteins toward the anode. These data suggest molecular models for how the EF reorients cell polarization by modulating intracellular pH and steering cell polarity factors in multiple directions.