Observations of Aerosol, Cloud, Turbulence, and Radiation Properties at the Top of the Marine Boundary Layer over the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean: The ACORES Campaign
Observations of Aerosol, Cloud, Turbulence, and Radiation Properties at the Top of the Marine Boundary Layer over the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean: The ACORES Campaign
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DOI：
10.1175/bams-d-19-0191.1
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发表时间：
2020-08
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
H. Siebert;K. Szodry;U. Egerer;B. Wehner;S. Henning;Karine Chevalier;J. Lückerath;O. Welz;K. Weinhold;Felix Lauermann;M. Gottschalk;A. Ehrlich;M. Wendisch;P. Fialho;G. Roberts;Nithin Allwayin;S. Schum;R. Shaw;C. Mazzoleni;L. Mazzoleni;J. Nowak;S. Malinowski;K. Karpińska;Wojciech Kumala;D. Czyzewska;E. Luke;P. Kollias;R. Wood;J. Mellado
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文献类型：
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作者：
H. Siebert;K. Szodry;U. Egerer;B. Wehner;S. Henning;Karine Chevalier;J. Lückerath;O. Welz;K. Weinhold;Felix Lauermann;M. Gottschalk;A. Ehrlich;M. Wendisch;P. Fialho;G. Roberts;Nithin Allwayin;S. Schum;R. Shaw;C. Mazzoleni;L. Mazzoleni;J. Nowak;S. Malinowski;K. Karpińska;Wojciech Kumala;D. Czyzewska;E. Luke;P. Kollias;R. Wood;J. Mellado
我们报告了2017年7月在Graciosa和皮科群岛/亚速尔群岛周围进行的亚速尔群岛层积云辐射，湍流和气溶胶测量（ACORES）活动。主要目的是调查北大西洋东部气溶胶粒子的垂直分布、层积云微物理和辐射特性以及湍流参数。本文探讨了从亚米到千米尺度范围内自由对流层（FT）和多云海洋边界层（MBL）之间的质量、动量和能量的垂直交换。为了用适当的测量覆盖这些空间尺度，利用机载云湍流观测系统和光谱模块化机载辐射测量系统-直升机机载观测仪器有效载荷，实现了具有前所未有的高分辨率的机载观测。将机载观测结果与皮科山（FT中海拔2，225米）上两个连续运行的实地观测站和Graciosa（海平面）上的大气辐射测量站收集的地面气溶胶测量结果相结合。我们在论文中讨论的ACORES观测的初步发现如下：（i）我们观察到湍流云顶结构在100米以下的水平尺度上有很大的变化，在不到1米的垂直距离上，局部温度梯度高达4 K，（ii）我们收集了严格的同地辐射测量数据，支持小-尺度过程揭示显着的不均匀性，云顶亮温远低于100米的尺度，和（iii）我们已经得出结论，气溶胶性质是完全不同的MBL和FT往往复杂的分层和经常观察到的突发状新粒子的形成。
We report on the Azores Stratocumulus Measurements of Radiation, Turbulence and Aerosols (ACORES) campaign, which took place around Graciosa and Pico Islands/Azores in July 2017. The main objective was to investigate the vertical distribution of aerosol particles, stratocumulus microphysical and radiative properties, and turbulence parameters in the eastern North Atlantic. The vertical exchange of mass, momentum, and energy between the free troposphere (FT) and the cloudy marine boundary layer (MBL) was explored over a range of scales from submeters to kilometers. To cover these spatial scales with appropriate measurements, helicopter-borne observations with unprecedented high resolution were realized using the Airborne Cloud Turbulence Observation System (ACTOS) and Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation Measurement System–Helicopter-Borne Observations (SMART-HELIOS) instrumental payloads. The helicopter-borne observations were combined with ground-based aerosol measurements collected at two continuously running field stations on Pico Mountain (2,225 m above sea level, in the FT), and at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) station on Graciosa (at sea level). First findings from the ACORES observations we are discussing in the paper are as follows: (i) we have observed a high variability of the turbulent cloud-top structure on horizontal scales below 100 m with local temperature gradients of up to 4 K over less than 1 m vertical distance, (ii) we have collected strictly collocated radiation measurements supporting the relevance of small-scale processes by revealing significant inhomogeneities in cloud-top brightness temperature to scales well below 100 m, and (iii) we have concluded that aerosol properties are completely different in the MBL and FT with often-complex stratification and frequently observed burst-like new particle formation.